The pK's of the -N1H- groups for the several deoxynucleic\r\nacid components have been studied as a function of temperature.\r\nFrom this the \u25b3\u0124's for the ionizations are obtained. The components\r\nstudied were thymidine, thymidylic acid, deoxyguanosine, and\r\ndeoxyguanylic acid (5').
" }, { "name": "Barker, David Lowell", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1963", "title": "The Crystal Structure of Anhydrous Cytosine", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05132026-150504639", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Barker", "given": "David Lowell" }, "id": "Barker-David-Lowell", "display_name": "Barker, David Lowell" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/sm37-gr24", "abstract": "The crystal structure of anhydrous cytosine has been\r\ndetermined and refined by analysis of complete three-dimensional\r\ncopper X-radiation data. The crystals are orthorhombic with\r\nspace group P212121; the unit-cell dimensions are a = 13.041 \u00c5,\r\nb = 9.494 \u00c5, c = 3.815 \u00c5. Refinement of the positional parameters\r\nfor all 13 atoms and of the individual anisotropic temperature\r\nfactors of the eight heavier atoms was by the method of least\r\nsquares. For the 608 observed reflections of non-zero weight,\r\nthe final R factor is 0.061.
\r\n\r\nThe molecule is found to exist in the amino form with a\r\nhydrogen atom bonded to N1 and none to N3 The amino nitrogen\r\nparticipates in two hydrogen bonds to carbonyl oxygens of other\r\nmolecules. These bonds have relatively long lengths of 2.98 and\r\n3.03 \u00c5. N1 hydrogen bonds to N3 of a neighboring molecule at a\r\ndistance of 2.84 \u00c5.
" }, { "name": "Bopp, Thomas Theodore", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1963", "title": "The Interaction of T-4 Phage Particles and Mercuric Ion", "advisor": "Davidson, Norman R.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05132026-151632161", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Bopp", "given": "Thomas Theodore" }, "id": "Bopp-Thomas-Theodore", "display_name": "Bopp, Thomas Theodore" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Norman R." }, "id": "Davidson-N-R", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Davidson, Norman R." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/z73j-4r52", "abstract": "The interaction of T-4 phage particles and mercuric ion \r\nhas been studied by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The changes\r\nin the ultraviolet absorption spectrum upon the addition of\r\nHg(II) are very similar to the changes observed by Yamane\r\nand Davidson and others for free DNA." }, { "name": "Chesebro, Bruce Wilcox", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1963", "title": "A Quantitative Assay of Polyoma Virus Mediated Neoplastic Transformation of Cells in Vitro", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05132026-163637415", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Chesebro", "given": "Bruce Wilcox" }, "id": "Chesebro-Bruce-Wilcox", "display_name": "Chesebro, Bruce Wilcox" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/fd2k-fp37", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Counsell, Ronald Keith", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1963", "title": "Isomerization of Piperylene the Dependence on the Concentration of Sensitizer", "advisor": "Hammond, George Simms", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05132026-171656270", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Counsell", "given": "Ronald Keith" }, "id": "Counsell-Ronald-Keith", "display_name": "Counsell, Ronald Keith" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Hammond", "given": "George Simms" }, "id": "Hammond-G-S", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Hammond, George Simms" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/2may-d875", "abstract": "The data support the idea that the physical transfer of energy from\r\ncertain sensitizers to piperylene is a reversible process. That similar\r\nbehavior was observed for 2-acetonaphthone and fluorenone suggests either\r\nthat in these cases the quenching process is so exothermic that the controlling\r\nfactor is the decay processes of piperylene triplets; or that as\r\nEt of the sensitizer changes from 53 kcal. to 60 kcal. all four excited\r\npiperylene configurations are important. The observed behavior for benzil\r\nmight be attributed to incomplete data, but perhaps the photostationary\r\nstates of this compound should be studied more closely." }, { "name": "Lyon, Alexander Newell", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1962", "title": "Hydrogen Bonding in Ferrocenyl Alcohols", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05122026-204408694", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Lyon", "given": "Alexander Newell" }, "id": "Lyon-Alexander-Newell", "display_name": "Lyon, Alexander Newell" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/qfq4-dt10", "abstract": "Spectral evidence has been found which indicates that \u221d-hydroxy\r\nferrocenyl alcohols may form hydrogen bonds directly with the iron atom.\r\nInvestigations are now in progress of the isomerization of the exo and of\r\nthe endo forms of \u221d-hydroxy-1,2-tetram.ethylene ferrocene toward the\r\nequilibrium mixture, using aluminum isopropoxide in isopropanol plus a\r\ntrace of acetone as the isomerizing agent. Preliminary results indicate\r\nthe equilibrium ratio of endo isomer to exo to be roughly 3:1 (75% endo;\r\n25% exo)." }, { "name": "Marr, Harold Everett, III", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1962", "title": "Unit Cell Determination of Silver Azide", "advisor": "Marsh, Richard Edward; Stanford, Richard Henry", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05122026-210833370", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Marr", "given": "Harold Everett, III" }, "id": "Marr-Harold-Everett-III", "display_name": "Marr, Harold Everett, III" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Marsh", "given": "Richard Edward" }, "id": "Marsh-R-E", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Marsh, Richard Edward" }, { "name": { "family": "Stanford", "given": "Richard Henry" }, "id": "Stanford-Richard-Henry", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Stanford, Richard Henry" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/5s8w-7625", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Mitchell, Gary Francis", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1962", "title": "Complexing of Guanylic Acid with Silver", "advisor": "Davidson, Norman R.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:05122026-214935177", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Mitchell", "given": "Gary Francis" }, "id": "Mitchell-Gary-Francis", "display_name": "Mitchell, Gary Francis" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Davidson", "given": "Norman R." }, "id": "Davidson-N-R", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Davidson, Norman R." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/4kyx-8881", "abstract": "The complexing of deoxyguanylic acid with silver ion has been\r\nstudied by potentiometric determinations of silver binding, pH-stat\r\nproton release measurements, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry.
\r\n\r\nThe stepwise equilibria
\r\n\r\n3 Ag+ + 2 GH \u21cc Ag3G2H++ + H+ K32
\r\n\r\nAg3G2H++ + Ag+ \u21cc Ag4G++ + H+ K132
\r\n\r\nfit the data fairly well, and are proposed as a tentative explanation,\r\nalthough the exclusive occurrence of these reactions has not been\r\nconclusively proved.
" }, { "name": "Carter, Robert-Trissel", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1940", "title": "The Phase Behavior of the Methane-Propane-N-Pentane System", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.; Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:01042025-030856648", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Carter", "given": "Robert-Trissel" }, "id": "Carter-Robert-Trissel", "display_name": "Carter, Robert-Trissel" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." }, { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/f0mm-3b35", "abstract": "The composition of the coexisting gas and liquid phases in the ternary system consisting of methane, propane, and normal pentane was determined at 100\u00b0 F. and at pressures of 200, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 pounds per square inch. From these data the values of equilibrium constants for methane, propane, and pentane were calculated.
\r\nThe actual phase behavior of the ternary system is compared to the phase behavior predicted from Raoult's Law and to the predictions made from a correlation of previously available data.
" }, { "name": "Pressman, David", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1937", "title": "The Effect of Mercury on the Quantitative Bromination of Unsaturated Compounds", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:11212024-010003826", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Pressman", "given": "David" }, "id": "Pressman-David", "display_name": "Pressman, David" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/qa31-qw92", "abstract": "It has been shown that the simple bromide, bromate procedure for the determination of unsaturation is unsatisfactory for triple bonded compounds. Davis, Crandall and Hibee (1) have pointed out that in the case of acetylene, interference is due to the presence of oxygen. Quantitative bromination can be achieved by carrying out the reaction \u00b7n an oxygen free system (evacuated). The authors / also pointed out that the bromination of acetylene is catalysed by aluminum, nickel and mercury salts. Frieman, Kennedy and Lucas (2) have definitely shown that the use of a mercuric sulfate catalyst in the bromination of a sulfuric acid solution of acetylene yields theoretical results, each mole of acetylene adding two moles of bromine. Mulliken and Wakeman (3) attempted to determine liquid alkynes by bromination and obtained low results. The purpose of the work presented in this thesis is to find a general method f or the quantitative bromination of unsaturated compounds by studying:
\r\n(a) The bromination of different triple bonded compounds.
\r\n(b) The effect of mercuric sulfate on these brominations.
\r\n(c) The effect of mercury upon the bromination of double bonded compounds, both those easily and those difficultly brominated in the absence of mercury.
\r\n(d) The effect of 1 oxygen and peroxides on these systems.
" }, { "name": "Preble, Bennett", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1928", "title": "The Suitability of Some California Grown Eucalypts for Paper Pulp", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03102005-102313", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Preble", "given": "Bennett" }, "id": "Preble-Bennett", "display_name": "Preble, Bennett" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/R013-E503", "abstract": "Pulp and paper men in recent years have taken much interest in the development of new species to take the place of the rapidly disappearing supplies of the softwoods which are at present so necessary to the industry. In 1922, the latest year for which figures are available, seventy-seven percent of the wood used for pulp in the United States was either spruce, fir or hemlock. As much as fifty-five percent of the pulpwood was from a single group of conifers, the spruces. With this concentration on a small number of species, it is not surprising that it is now becoming increasingly important to find ways in which other woods can be used economically in place of the conifers. The western hemlock, now used so extensively in the Pacific Northwest, was formerly held to be unsuitable for pulp manufacture and is a good example of the adaptation of a new species. Douglas Fir is another wood which is just now beginning to be used. A recent bulletin issued by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture gives the results of tests made at the Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin, on some ninety-four American woods. The pulping tests were made by the four commercial processes now in general use. A large percentage of the woods were those known as hardwoods. The pulp and paper industry in 1922 used 790,000 cords of hardwoods and about 4,750,000 cords of softwoods." }, { "name": "Datin, Richard Clyde", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1927", "title": "The Bromination of Para-Cresol in the Presence of Strong Acids", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12062004-130128", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Datin", "given": "Richard Clyde" }, "id": "Datin-Richard-Clyde", "display_name": "Datin, Richard Clyde" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/93SS-KP67", "abstract": "The purpose of this work has been to determine whether or not the formation of an oxonium compound of a cresol would change the directing influence of the hydroxyl group.\r\n" }, { "name": "Ewing, Frederick Junior", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1927", "title": "Investigation on the Possibility of Differential Reduction from the Standpoint of Oxidation-Reduction Potentials", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12102004-141151", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ewing", "given": "Frederick Junior" }, "id": "Ewing-Frederick-Junior", "display_name": "Ewing, Frederick Junior" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/JSKE-7E31", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Schultz, Murray Navarre", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1927", "title": "The Sulfonation of Ortho Toluidine and the Preparation of Sodium 6-Chloro-5-Nitro-Meta-Tolene Sulfonate", "advisor": "Lucas, Howard J.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12062004-133814", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Schultz", "given": "Murray Navarre" }, "id": "Schultz-Murray-Navarre", "display_name": "Schultz, Murray Navarre" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lucas", "given": "Howard J." }, "id": "Lucas-H-J", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lucas, Howard J." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/7QT9-YD51", "abstract": "No abstract.\r\n\r\n" }, { "name": "Stone, Donald Stuart", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1927", "title": "The Catalytic Effect of Osmium Tetroxide on the Oxidation of Hydrazine by Potassium Chlorate", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12062004-140817", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Stone", "given": "Donald Stuart" }, "id": "Stone-Donald-Stuart", "display_name": "Stone, Donald Stuart" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/0HWT-WM67", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Thompson, Donald Raw", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1927", "title": "The Preparation of 2 Heptanol and Investigations into Methods for the Preparation of Alpha Napthylisocyanate as Preliminary Syntheses for the Determination of the Properties of the Urethanes of Four Isomeric Heptyl Alcohols", "advisor": "Lucas, Howard J.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12062004-143231", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Thompson", "given": "Donald Raw" }, "id": "Thompson-Donald-Raw", "display_name": "Thompson, Donald Raw" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lucas", "given": "Howard J." }, "id": "Lucas-H-J", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lucas, Howard J." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/BXR2-1T52", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Ball, Alpheus M.", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1926", "title": "A Method for the Manufacture of Phosphate Fertilizer", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12092004-110048", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ball", "given": "Alpheus M." }, "id": "Ball-Alpheus-M", "display_name": "Ball, Alpheus M." }, { "name": { "family": "Fahs", "given": "John Louis" }, "id": "Fahs-John-Louis", "display_name": "Fahs, John Louis" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/2X6M-P768", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Carter, James Maurice", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1926", "title": "Catalytic Effect of Ruthenium Compound on the Reduction of Perchloric Acid by Hydrobromic Acid", "advisor": "Yost, Don M.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12302004-142437", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Carter", "given": "James Maurice" }, "id": "Carter-James-Maurice", "display_name": "Carter, James Maurice" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Yost", "given": "Don M." }, "id": "Yost-D-M", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Yost, Don M." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/3QJZ-MK77", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Schott, Hermann Franz", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1926", "title": "The Molal Reduction Potential of a Selenium and the Free Energy of Selenious Acids From Equilibrium Measurements", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11222004-144046", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Schott", "given": "Hermann Franz" }, "id": "Schott-Hermann-Franz", "display_name": "Schott, Hermann Franz" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/6VJG-TD52", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Valby, Edgar Peterson", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1926", "title": "The Ionization Constant of Para Cyanobenzoic Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12062004-145203", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Valby", "given": "Edgar Peterson" }, "id": "Valby-Edgar-Peterson", "display_name": "Valby, Edgar Peterson" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/ZFK9-ZQ29", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Voelker, Joachim Frank", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1926", "title": "Acrolein and Certain of its Derivatives", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11292004-142602", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Voelker", "given": "Joachim Frank" }, "id": "Voelker-Joachim-Frank", "display_name": "Voelker, Joachim Frank" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/XRXX-CE73", "abstract": "In connection with a theory as to the mechanism of alcoholic fermentation, certain of the unknown trioses were desired in order that their properties might be studied. These compounds which were of particular interest were:Due to the fact that perchloric acid resembles sulfuric acid in many respects without having many of the disadvantages of use possessed by the latter, the devising of a cheaper means of producing it would be well warranted by its increased use in both analytical and industrial work. The present work was undertaken with the above idea in view and consisted in studying quantitatively the reaction taking place between nitric oxide (NO), nitric acid, and ammonium perchlorate.
\r\n\r\nAnhydrous perchloric acid is an unstable compound, decomposing spontaneously after a few weeks even when kept in the dark. It is a violently reacting oxidizing agent for many organic substances but aqueous solutions of the acid are not affected by light and are not active oxidizing agents.
\r\n\r\nPerchloric acid solutions (60% strength being the standard commercial form of the acid) are strong, mono-basic solutions which are stable up to the 60% strength and have high boiling points. The salts which the acid forms are nearly all soluble, the potassium, rubidium, caesium and thallium perchlorates being the only ones which are only slightly soluble. This would recommend it over sulfuric acid in many cases where insoluble salts of the latter prevent its use or cause it to seriously interfere on this account in analytical determinations. Also the difference in the solubilities of the potassium and sodium salts permits an easy separation of the perchlorates of these two metals. The maximum boiling point of aqueous solutions at atmospheric pressure is 203\u00b0 C., which corresponds to a constant boiling mixture having a perchloric acid content of 72.3%. Below 160\u00b0C. the distillate contains less than 1% of perchloric acid. Most perchlorates are deliquescent except ammonium, potassium, lead and mercury salts.
\r\n\r\nThere have been a number of processes devised for the production of perchloric acid, some of which are only of theoretical importance, but the following methods are the ones which have been used to some extent commercially:
\r\n\r\n(a) The mixing of dry NaClO4 or KClO4 with H2SO4 and distilling the mixture under diminished pressure. The distillation process is a troublesome and expensive one and redistillation must take place to remove the H2SO4 and obtain a pure acid \u2013 the product containing 88-89% HClO4. HCl can be substituted for H2SO4 being precipitated from the solution. The HCl can then be distilled off from the filtrate and an approximately 95% HClO4 acid obtained. However, there are small amounts of NaClO4 still remaining which require distillation under reduced pressure to effect their removal.
\r\n\r\n(b) The electrolytic oxidation of HCl in dilute solution is the method used in this country at the present time for commercial production. However the resulting liquir contains HCl, chloric acids and chlorine in addition to the HClO4. Also the acid obtained is quite dilute and must be concentrated for commercial use.
\r\n\r\nThe above methods are expensive to operate due to the necessity of purification and concentration of the acid resulting from the reaction used, and the use of NH4ClO4 as a source of HClO4 has been advocated as the best means of overcoming the above objections. NH4ClO4 can be obtained comparatively cheaply and when purified and the ammonium radical oxidized by oxides of nitrogen, there are no non-volatile impurities remaining in the product. All gases and volatile liquids can be easily distilled off at atmospheric pressure and any further concentration of the product can be accomplished at the same time although no such amount of concentration will be required as in (b) cited above.
\r\n\r\nInvestigation of the possibilities of the above method is the object of the present work which is a continuation of the work begun at the Institute in 1921 by R.W. Stenzel and continued in the following year by A.W. Knight and in 1924 by V.A. Kalichevsky.
\r\n" }, { "name": "Allen, William Head", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "Oxidation of Valeric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12072004-160451", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Allen", "given": "William Head" }, "id": "Allen-William-Head", "display_name": "Allen, William Head" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/ZK8H-KX74", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Banks, Sydney Allen", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "A Study of a Grid Failure in Lead Storage Batteries", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12092004-111648", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Banks", "given": "Sydney Allen" }, "id": "Banks-Sydney-Allen", "display_name": "Banks, Sydney Allen" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/X0K9-4V54", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Dalton, Robert Hennah", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "A System of Qualitative Analysis for Tellurium, Molybdenum, Iridium, Rhodium and the Copper Group Elements", "advisor": "Noyes, Arthur A.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08072024-173813001", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Dalton", "given": "Robert Hennah" }, "id": "Dalton-Robert-Hennah", "display_name": "Dalton, Robert Hennah" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Noyes", "given": "Arthur A." }, "id": "Noyes-A-A", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Noyes, Arthur A." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/fy0b-7v23", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Diack, Samuel Latta", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "The Reduction of Tungstic Oxide to Tungsten", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12102004-142411", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Diack", "given": "Samuel Latta" }, "id": "Diack-Samuel-Latta", "display_name": "Diack, Samuel Latta" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/MY81-ET78", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Dillon, Robert Troutman", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "The Addition of a Halogen Hydride to 3-Heptene", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12062004-162616", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Dillon", "given": "Robert Troutman" }, "id": "Dillon-Robert-Troutman", "display_name": "Dillon, Robert Troutman" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/WGN6-SW81", "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to determine the relative affinity for electrons of the ethyl and propyl groups and thereby to check the indications of the ionization constants of certain acids and amines. The ionization constants of methyl, ethyl and propyl amines and acetic, propionic and butyric acids, indicate that the ethyl group has a smaller affinity for electrons than either the methyl or the propyl group. Lucas and Moyse have shown this to be true with respect to the methyl group and it is the intent of this work to investigate the evidence with respect to the propyl group.
\r\n\r\nTwo theories regarding the electronic character of carbon union have been proposed. The first is the alternate polarity theory which has been supported and worked on by Cuy. The second is the displacement theory which has been proposed by Lewis and has been used by Latimer and Rodebush in accounting for the ionization constants of some acids of phosphorus. The latter theory has also been worked on in this laboratory by Lucas and Jameson, Lucas, Simpson and Carter and Lucas and Moyse.
\r\n\r\nAccording to the alternate polarity theory the carbon atoms in aliphatic chain tend to become arranged alternately positive and negative. Therefore, 3-heptene (minus the hydrogen atoms) would appear to be:
\r\n[See Abstract for chemical formula].
\r\nAs may be seen C-3 is preponderantly negative while C-4 is positive. Therefore, when a strong polar compound such as hydrogen bromide is added to this unsaturated hydrocarbon, the positive hydrogen will go to C-3, while the bromine will go to C-4. The theory consequently predicts the formation of 4-bromo-heptane on the addition of hydrogen bromide to 3-heptene.
The ionization constant, Ka of propionic acid is 1.35 x 10-5 and of butyric acid is 1.65 x 10-5, while Kb of ethyl amine is 5.6 x 10-4 and of proyl amine is 4.7 x 10-4. These values indicate that the propyl group has a greater affinity for electrons than the ethyl group. The validity of this apparent difference in affinity for electrons forms the basic assumption on which the displacement theory is based. This difference results in the displacement of the electronic orbits in the chain, which may be represented by a displacement of the average position of the electron pair. Therefore, 3-heptene (minus the hydrogen atoms) would appear to be:
\r\n[See Abstract for chemical formula].
\r\nConsideration of the preceding diagram indicates that C-3 is essentially positive in comparison to C-4. When hydrogen bromide is added to this hydrocarbon the theory predicts the formation of 3-bromo-heptane. This is opposite to that predicted by the first theory.
A factor which must be considered in dealing with this problem is that of symmetry of the molecule. Reference to innumerable organic compounds shows that the tendency towards this symmetrical formation is exceedingly great. In the addition of hydrogen bromide to 2-pentene as well s to 3-heptene, as mentioned above, the two theories predict different products. In the case of 2-pentene, the symmetrical form is predicted by the displacement theory, and this isomer in the work of Lucas and Moyse was found to be formed in excess. However, in the case of 3-heptene the unsymmetrical form is predicted. Therefore if the unsymmetrical form is produced in excess the evidence shows unquestionably the agreement of the electron affinities of the ethyl and propyl groups with the indications of the ionization constants. It also shows the factor of symmetry to be of minor importance compared to that of electron affinity. On the other hand, if the symmetrical form is produced in excess the evidence shows that the factor of symmetry is not of minor importance.
\r\n" }, { "name": "Ferkel, Albert Jefferson", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "The Extraction and Precipitation of Pectin", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08062024-184852993", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ferkel", "given": "Albert Jefferson" }, "id": "Ferkel-Albert-Jefferson", "display_name": "Ferkel, Albert Jefferson" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/ehz1-ee02", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Hart, Edward Whipple", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "The Bromination of Para-Cresol in the Presence of Strong Acids", "advisor": "Lucas, Howard J.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08062024-211921874", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hart", "given": "Edward Whipple" }, "id": "Hart-Edward-Whipple", "display_name": "Hart, Edward Whipple" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lucas", "given": "Howard J." }, "id": "Lucas-H-J", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lucas, Howard J." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/dm40-6b05", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Hess, Ben Ewart", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "A Method for the Recovery of Alumina and other Valuable Constituents from Clay", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08062024-224911379", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hess", "given": "Ben Ewart" }, "id": "Hess-Ben-Ewart", "display_name": "Hess, Ben Ewart" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/vqd3-jm20", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Prentice, Leland Busby", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "Dehydration of Alcohol by Potassium Carbonate", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10172011-143206819", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Prentice", "given": "Leland Busby" }, "id": "Prentice-Leland-Busby", "display_name": "Prentice, Leland Busby" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/ADR8-HW51", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Ranney, Kenneth Wyckoff", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "A Fusion Method for the Production of Sodium Fluoride", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08072024-161746447", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ranney", "given": "Kenneth Wyckoff" }, "id": "Ranney-Kenneth-Wyckoff", "display_name": "Ranney, Kenneth Wyckoff" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/3vz0-2w58", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Shafer, Edgar Esterly, Jr.", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "The Benzoylation of Malic Acid", "advisor": "Lucas, Howard J.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08072024-201041930", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Shafer", "given": "Edgar Esterly, Jr." }, "id": "Shafer-Edgar-Esterly-Jr.", "display_name": "Shafer, Edgar Esterly, Jr." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lucas", "given": "Howard J." }, "id": "Lucas-H-J", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lucas, Howard J." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/vqh5-gw80", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Sheffield, Harold Clough", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "A Method for the Production of Barium Hydroxide from Barytes", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08082024-160329147", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Sheffield", "given": "Harold Clough" }, "id": "Sheffield-Harold-Clough", "display_name": "Sheffield, Harold Clough" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/tdct-qz72", "abstract": "The inertness of barytes has led to many experiments\r\nand patents for its reduction. It was decided to effect\r\nthe reduction of the barytes in a cement kiln with carbon. The temperature\r\nof the greatest yield with the least water insoluble material\r\nis between 1000\u00b0C and 1100\u00b0C and with a minimum period of heating.\r\nThe yield is about 87% of the original barytes. The resulting\r\nBaS is quenched with water and ground to 20 mesh. The leaching\r\nis very quickly accomplished and the temperature of the solution\r\nis raised 80\u00b0C to bring more material into solution. The \r\nsolution is then filtered, a theoretical amount of CuO\r\nadded and the mixture boiled. The resulting CuS is filtered\r\noff and CuO regenerated by roasting. The Ba(OH)2 solution\r\nis evaporated down and the solid precipitated out by cooling.\r\nThe material is in the form of Ba(OH)28H2O, and \r\nmust be heated to a dark red heat to drive off all the water of crystallization." }, { "name": "Simpson, Thomas Patrick", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "A Study of the Unsaturation of 2-Bromo Butane", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08082024-161604927", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Simpson", "given": "Thomas Patrick" }, "id": "Simpson-Thomas-Patrick", "display_name": "Simpson, Thomas Patrick" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/q12t-z316", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Stewart, Earl Deloris", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1925", "title": "The Sandmeyer Reaction (Nitrile) with P-Toluidin-Meta-Sulfonic Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:08082024-181856789", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Stewart", "given": "Earl Deloris" }, "id": "Stewart-Earl-Deloris", "display_name": "Stewart, Earl Deloris" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/zwan-w729", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Baxter, Warren Phelps", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Precipitation of Iron as a Basic Acetate", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-142344", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Baxter", "given": "Warren Phelps" }, "id": "Baxter-Warren-Phelps", "display_name": "Baxter, Warren Phelps" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/X6WW-PV88", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Farnham, Harold Hurst", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "Oxidation of Butyric Acid with Chromic Anhydride and Sulfuric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04232004-142709", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Farnham", "given": "Harold Hurst" }, "id": "Farnham-Harold-Hurst", "display_name": "Farnham, Harold Hurst" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/414Y-PZ45", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Hastings, Robert Clinton", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "An Investigation of the Effect of Varying Viscosity and Velocity on the Transfer of Heat Under Conditions of Straight Line Flow in Circular Pipes", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04232004-144102", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hastings", "given": "Robert Clinton" }, "id": "Hastings-Robert-Clinton", "display_name": "Hastings, Robert Clinton" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/3QPD-7B19", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Hough, Frederic Allen", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Dissociation Pressure of Stannous Sulfate", "advisor": "Smith, David F.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04232004-144719", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hough", "given": "Frederic Allen" }, "id": "Hough-Frederic-Allen", "display_name": "Hough, Frederic Allen" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "David F." }, "id": "Smith-D-F", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Smith, David F." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/5NDY-QS02", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Jameson, Archibald Yule", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Rearrangement of 1-Bromobutane", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04262004-135347", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Jameson", "given": "Archibald Yule" }, "id": "Jameson-Archibald-Yule", "display_name": "Jameson, Archibald Yule" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/1TX9-VR87", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Jenkins, Grant Vincent", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "A Study of the Bromination of Paracresol in Water Solution and in Hydrochloric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04262004-140048", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Jenkins", "given": "Grant Vincent" }, "id": "Jenkins-Grant-Vincent", "display_name": "Jenkins, Grant Vincent" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/V00G-WY31", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Kalichevsky, Vladimir Anatole", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "Manufacturing of Perchloric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05052006-154839", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Kalichevsky", "given": "Vladimir Anatole" }, "id": "Kalichevsky-Vladimir-Anatole", "display_name": "Kalichevsky, Vladimir Anatole" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/8R89-GH11", "abstract": "The object of this research was to study quantitatively possibilities of a continuous process of production of perchloric acid from nitrogen peroxide and ammonium perchlorate. Perchloric acid has many properties which make it an important acid in industrial and analytical work and its use would be much greater if its cost of production could be lowered. It is a strong monobasic acid, stable in solutions (up to 60%), has a high boiling point. There are relatively few insoluble salts (potassium, rubidium, caesium, and thallium perchlorates are only highly soluble) and the difference in solubilities of potassium and sodium perchlorates give an easy method of separation of these two metals in analytical work." }, { "name": "Magill, Paul Lafrone", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "Equilibrium in the System Hydrogen, Water Vapor and the Oxides of Tin", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06072004-150521", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Magill", "given": "Paul Lafrone" }, "id": "Magill-Paul-Lafrone", "display_name": "Magill, Paul Lafrone" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/GHDG-PP88", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Mayer, Joseph Edward", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Free Energy of Aqueous Sulfuric Acid", "advisor": "Smith, David F.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06102004-135443", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Mayer", "given": "Joseph Edward" }, "id": "Mayer-Joseph-Edward", "display_name": "Mayer, Joseph Edward" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "David F." }, "id": "Smith-D-F", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Smith, David F." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/TX6K-AK35", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Miller, Palmer", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Electromotive-Force of Cells Containing Stannous Sulphate and Stannic Oxide", "advisor": "Smith, David F.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06142004-145236", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Miller", "given": "Palmer" }, "id": "Miller-Palmer", "display_name": "Miller, Palmer" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Smith", "given": "David F." }, "id": "Smith-D-F", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Smith, David F." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/H0XD-1T68", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Moyse, Hollis Weaver", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Saturation of 2 Pentene with Hydrogen Bromide", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06162004-133650", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Moyse", "given": "Hollis Weaver" }, "id": "Moyse-Hollis-Weaver", "display_name": "Moyse, Hollis Weaver" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/ABQD-8M14", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Tracy, Willard Harmon", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Rate of Oxidation of Hydriodic Acid by Sulphuric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07012004-111626", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Tracy", "given": "Willard Harmon" }, "id": "Tracy-Willard-Harmon", "display_name": "Tracy, Willard Harmon" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/MSN0-6E90", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Wolochow, David", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1924", "title": "The Manufacture of Tungstic Acid from Scheelite", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07202004-104651", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Wolochow", "given": "David" }, "id": "Wolochow-David", "display_name": "Wolochow, David" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/DAGK-9119", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Alcock, Joseph Rodney", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1923", "title": "A Method for the Preparation of Oxalic Acid From Sawdust", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02042005-103712", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Alcock", "given": "Joseph Rodney" }, "id": "Alcock-Joseph-Rodney", "display_name": "Alcock, Joseph Rodney" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/256R-2144", "abstract": "This investigation was undertaken to find the best method of preparing oxalic acid from sawdust, either by one of the methods described in the literature or a modification of it. The first work consisted in following the procedure recommended by a previous experimenter in order to become acquainted with the methods which are now used and to discover their weak points. The procedures used commercially, and the experimental work of Thorn, described in \"Utilization of Wood Waste\" by E. Hubbard form the basis of the work. No recent literature could be found on the subject, the work of Thorn having been done nearly forty years before. Various commercial processes use slightly different methods; one uses KOH alone in the fusion and precipitates MgC2O4 by adding MgCl2 to the K2C2O4 solution; in another a preliminary fusion is carried on in a vacuum at 180\u00b0, followed by the regular fusion yielding a nearly colorless product. A process similar to that outlined by Thorn is also used.
\r\n\r\nThe heating of sawdust with KOH results in the production of oxalic acid. Since NaOH is much cheaper, it is desirable to substitute it for KOH as far as possible. Thorn found that a mixture containing 40% KOH and 60% NaOH by weight gave almost as good a yield, when heated in thin layers, as pure KOH. The yield dropped off rapidly with a decreasing KOH percentage below 40%. He also found that the most satisfactory melt was made by using one part of sawdust to two parts of lye, striking a balance between large percentage yield from lye with more sawdust, and more organic impurities which are hard to remove if more sawdust is used. Soft wood gives a better yield than hardwood, and pure sawdust gives a better one than lignose left after treating cellulose with HCl.
" }, { "name": "Baier, Willard Ewing", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1923", "title": "The Extraction of Orange Oil with Volatile Solvents", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02082005-155830", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Baier", "given": "Willard Ewing" }, "id": "Baier-Willard-Ewing", "display_name": "Baier, Willard Ewing" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/YTJZ-YV74", "abstract": "Citrus oils are used largely by confectioners, bakers, and manufacturers of soft drinks for flavoring. In 1916, 98% of the citrus oils used in this country were imported. The relatively small amount of oils produced here are obtained from the cull fruit by two general methods, the expression or pressure method and by some form of the distillation method, either vacuum distillation of the dry peel or steam distillation under various pressures. The expression method gives a much superior oil as compared with the oil obtained by distillation. However the expression method has the disadvantage that a considerable amount of oil is left in the pulp after the squeezing process. In the plant of the Exchange Orange Products Co. at San Dimas, California, where orange oil is produced, this remaining oil is recovered in a less valuable form by a subsequent steam distillation.
\r\n\r\nThe object of this investigation was to study the method of solvent extraction as a possible means of obtaining all of the oil in a good condition. A satisfactory solvent was to be found and its use studied as extensively as time permitted.
" }, { "name": "Evans, Bernard Gwynne", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1923", "title": "An Investigation into the Possibilities of the Electrolytic Production of Methyl Alcohol from Formaldehyde", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02172005-162819", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Evans", "given": "Bernard Gwynne" }, "id": "Evans-Bernard-Gwynne", "display_name": "Evans, Bernard Gwynne" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/XZTB-YR70", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Hopper, Basil", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1923", "title": "Methods for the Production of Lithium Carbonate from Lipidolite", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02082005-164225", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hopper", "given": "Basil" }, "id": "Hopper-Basil", "display_name": "Hopper, Basil" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/CCFS-JG79", "abstract": "[Introduction] The object of this investigation has been to determine a method to extract lithium from its ores in order to produce Li2CO3 which is used in medicine. Lithium salts command very good prices (averaging about $1.50 per pound) and a simple method of production would form a successful commercial enterprise. Lithium occurs in lepidolite (a lithium mica) and in amblygonite and other moderately rare minerals. In Southern California there are deposits of lepidolite with which this work has been conducted.
\r\n\r\nThe metal belongs to the alkali group but shows many properties characteristic of the alkaline-earths. It acts vigorously with water, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, thus resembling the alkalies. The relative insolubility of the hydroxide, carbonate and phosphate, makes it resemble the alkaline-earths. Lithium gives a very characteristic spectrum which makes it easy to test for traces with a hand spectroscope.
" }, { "name": "Kuffel, George Cole", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1923", "title": "The Production of Caustic Soda Solution from Trona", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02242005-113025", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Kuffel", "given": "George Cole" }, "id": "Kuffel-George-Cole", "display_name": "Kuffel, George Cole" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/R9VQ-3S68", "abstract": "This problem concerns itself with the possibility of producing a reasonably pure concentrated caustic soda solution using trona as a starting material. It involves a carbonation process, purification of raw material and causticization with lime. Since soda ash costs a little less than three times what trona costs, the process has good commercial possibilities.\r\n" }, { "name": "Nies, Henry Todd", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1923", "title": "The Extraction of Gallium from Zinc Ores", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02242005-164254", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Nies", "given": "Henry Todd" }, "id": "Nies-Henry-Todd", "display_name": "Nies, Henry Todd" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/A9T6-E248", "abstract": "The discovery of small amounts of gallium in zinc ores showed the possibility of its presence in a small quantity of zinc ore residues on hand at the Institute. Germanium had been previously extracted from the ore, and later, part of the zinc was recovered. During this work, the presence of gallium was shown by spectroscopic tests, and indium was at the same time shown to be absent.
\r\n\r\nIn the present investigation, the reactions of different gallium compounds were studied and the action of various reagents on the residues observed, with a view toward the development of a distinctive test for gallium and finally toward the separation and purification of gallium from the residues. The residues consisted of approximately eighty liters of saturated zinc sulfate solution, containing small quantities of gallium together with various impurities.
" }, { "name": "Alles, Gordon Albert", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "A New Acridine Dye", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-140311", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Alles", "given": "Gordon Albert" }, "id": "Alles-Gordon-Albert", "display_name": "Alles, Gordon Albert" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/BDX6-MF14", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Ames, Paul Russell", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "The Specific Heat Capacity of Heavy Petroleum Products", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-141328", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ames", "given": "Paul Russell" }, "id": "Ames-Paul-Russell", "display_name": "Ames, Paul Russell" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/5C9C-MH72", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Beman, Willard Jarvis", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "The Lowig Process for Caustic Soda Using Trona as a Raw Material", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-143549", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Beman", "given": "Willard Jarvis" }, "id": "Beman-Willard-Jarvis", "display_name": "Beman, Willard Jarvis" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/6J5Q-Z168", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Bridgeford, Frank Robert", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "A Process for the Utilization of Pyrite Ash", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-160316", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Bridgeford", "given": "Frank Robert" }, "id": "Bridgeford-Frank-Robert", "display_name": "Bridgeford, Frank Robert" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/P747-5S86", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Burks, Jesse Carhart", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "Semi-Works Development of a Germanium Extraction Process", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04192004-161549", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Burks", "given": "Jesse Carhart" }, "id": "Burks-Jesse-Carhart", "display_name": "Burks, Jesse Carhart" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/TE5X-TQ90", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Gillies, Robert W.", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "An Attempt to Dehydrogenate Cottonseed Oil", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-04232004-143458", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Gillies", "given": "Robert W." }, "id": "Gillies-Robert-W", "display_name": "Gillies, Robert W." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/6E4J-V604", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Hill, James Ewing", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "The Distribution of Picric Acid Between Water and Benzene and the Effect on the Equilibrium of Added Sodium and Hydrogen Chlorides", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02242005-132447", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hill", "given": "James Ewing" }, "id": "Hill-James-Ewing", "display_name": "Hill, James Ewing" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/DZW2-0R55", "abstract": "This investigation was undertaken in order to study the distribution of picric acid between the immiscible solvents water and benzene at different concentrations, and to determine the effect upon this equilibrium of the addition of successive amounts to sodium chloride and hydrogen chloride to the aqueous phase.
\r\n\r\nData of this character is very similar to that relating to the effect of added electrolytes upon the solubility of slightly soluble salts and the theoretical conclusions which may be drawn are of a similar nature. The distribution results have, however, advantages over the solubility data: (1) in the former the activity may be varied over a considerable range, while in the latter it is fixed at an arbitrary value by the solubility of the salt; (2) the degree of ionization of the electrolyte used in the distribution experiments may be more accurately determined, for in the case of slightly soluble salts the range over which their concentration may be measured is very limited.
\r\n\r\nPicric acid was chosen for these experiments because its degree of ionization is that of a typical electrolyte and because it is one of the very few highly ionized substances which distribute themselves in a convenient ration between water and the more miscible solvent.
\r\n\r\nThe distribution of picric acid between water and benzene in the absence of added electrolytes has been studied by Walden (1) Kuriloff (2), and by Rothmund and Druker (3). The work of the latter investigators only is of sufficient accuracy to warrant careful study. Recently Eherenfeld (4) obtained some preliminary data regarding the effect of added salts upon the distribution ratio. The results of these investigations will be compared with the data obtained in this, after that data has been presented.
" }, { "name": "Knight, Alfred Wheelock", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "Perchloric Acid from Ammonium Perchlorate and Oxides of Nitrogen", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05052004-140206", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Knight", "given": "Alfred Wheelock" }, "id": "Knight-Alfred-Wheelock", "display_name": "Knight, Alfred Wheelock" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/MTDD-R892", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Maurer, Frederic Andrew", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "A Study of the Production of Sodium Perchlorate Electrolytically", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02242005-114700", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Maurer", "given": "Frederic Andrew" }, "id": "Maurer-Frederic-Andrew", "display_name": "Maurer, Frederic Andrew" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/N86F-JR54", "abstract": "The purpose of this work is to investigate the electrolytic production of perchlorate from chloride, and particularly to determine which anode materials serve best under the rigorous conditions imposed. In order that one may better understand what follows, it is necessary to briefly summarize the existing theory of the electrolytic formation of chlorate and perchlorate." }, { "name": "Reynolds, Maynard Stuckey", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "The Utilization of a Deposit of Magnesite Located Near Porterville, California as a Source of Raw Material for the Manufacture of C.P. Epsom Salts", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06242004-141108", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Reynolds", "given": "Maynard Stuckey" }, "id": "Reynolds-Maynard-Stuckey", "display_name": "Reynolds, Maynard Stuckey" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/K4AH-1W74", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Ritchie, Charles Fisher", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "A Colorimetric Determination of Hydrocyanic Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06112015-155708716", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ritchie", "given": "Charles Fisher" }, "id": "Ritchie-Charles-Fisher", "display_name": "Ritchie, Charles Fisher" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/WNXG-ZT76", "abstract": "The object of this investigation is to devise a rapid,\r\nfairly accurate, colorimetric analysis for HCN to be used in field work\r\nfor determining instantaneous concentrations of the gas under fumigating\r\ncanvas. A large amount of money is expended yearly by the citrus industry\r\nof this state in attempting to control and to eradicate the scale\r\npests. Although fumigation with HCN has been practiced tor many years,\r\nthe progress made has been anything but satisfactory. The greater portion of the work has always been carried on by contractors, who in a large number of cases have been very unscrupulous. The materials\r\nand labor are very expensive and the growers have been satisfied to\r\nadhere to beaten paths and hope for the best results on scale kill\r\nwith the least attendant foliage injury. One familiar with fumigating,\r\neither from the grower's or the operator's viewpoint, knows that very\r\nwidely varying results are obtained, even under what are apparently\r\nidentical condition. Even after discounting for the dishonesty of\r\nsome operators and the prejudices of the grower, there is still a large variance between desired or expected results and those actually obtained." }, { "name": "Ritchie, Charles Fisher", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "An Investigation on the Production of Sodium Thiosulfate from Trona", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-06242004-143142", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Ritchie", "given": "Charles Fisher" }, "id": "Ritchie-Charles-Fisher", "display_name": "Ritchie, Charles Fisher" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/Y01W-T284", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Vesper, Howard Gockley", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "The Preparation of Carbon Monosulphide and Hydrocyanic Acid by the Use of Activated Carbon", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-07162004-142151", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Vesper", "given": "Howard Gockley" }, "id": "Vesper-Howard-Gockley", "display_name": "Vesper, Howard Gockley" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/HXNR-JN80", "abstract": "No Abstract." }, { "name": "Warner, Lester Orville", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1922", "title": "The Reaction Between Nitrogen and Methane in the Silent Electric Discharge", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07232024-203144641", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Warner", "given": "Lester Orville" }, "id": "Warner-Lester-Orville", "display_name": "Warner, Lester Orville" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/576e-8q34", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Clarke, Philip Seymour", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1921", "title": "The Extracting of Germanium from Crude Oxide", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02032005-111330", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Clarke", "given": "Philip Seymour" }, "id": "Clarke-Philip-Seymour", "display_name": "Clarke, Philip Seymour" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/XZ1Y-JE25", "abstract": "Since the discovery of germanium in certain American zinc ores, notably that of Joplin, Mo., several procedures have been suggested for the extraction of the germanium. These procedures, however, were simple distillations of the zinc ore with hydrochloric acid carried out in the laboratory on a small scale. The cost of the materials and the character of the reagents required obviously would cause such procedures to be impracticable on a large scale.
\r\n\r\nIn the present investigation, the reactions of germanium compounds and the actions of different reagents on the sample were observed with the view toward developing a method of extraction that would be applicable on and industrial scale. For this purpose, a ten-pound sample of germanium-bearing zinc oxide was furnished by the New Jersey Zinc Co. with the accompanying information that germanium was present in the sample to the extent of 0.25% GeO2.
" }, { "name": "Simpson, Charles Fillmore", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1921", "title": "Some Silver Salts of Brominate Phenols and Napthols. The Action of Potassium and Butyl Alcohol on Amines", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02082005-164843", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Simpson", "given": "Charles Fillmore" }, "id": "Simpson-Charles-Fillmore", "display_name": "Simpson, Charles Fillmore" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/3EKX-NW09", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Stamm, Alfred Joaquin", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1921", "title": "A Study of the Nature of the Adsorptive Property of Fuller's Earth", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07292024-185226060", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Stamm", "given": "Alfred Joaquin" }, "id": "Stamm-Alfred-Joaquin", "display_name": "Stamm, Alfred Joaquin" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/azp4-y170", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Stenzel, Richard Werner", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1921", "title": "A Method for the Preparation of Perchloric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02092005-084840", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Stenzel", "given": "Richard Werner" }, "id": "Stenzel-Richard-Werner", "display_name": "Stenzel, Richard Werner" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/Z1NE-DB82", "abstract": "Perchloric Acid is a substance resembling sulfuric acid in many respects. It is a strong acid, very stable in solution, and has a high boiling point. It possesses some advantages over sulfuric acid, such as being monobasic, and having relatively few insoluble salts. (K, Rb, Cs, and Tl perchlorates are only slightly soluble.) Hence a cheap way of making perchloric acid would be highly advantageous to the chemical industry. The present methods of its production are rather expensive, employing the electrolytic production of sodium perchlorate and the distillation of the latter with sulfuric acid under reduced pressure. The product, a 60% perchloric acid is now sold for $7 to $8 per pound. Ammonium perchlorate is obtainable at a fairly low cost, (about 2O [cents] per pound) and might be used as a basis for the cheaper preparation of perchloric acid.
\r\n\r\nObviously the most direct method of accomplishing this would be the replacement of the NH4 radical in NH4ClO4 by H. It is proposed in this paper to find whether the ammonium ion in ammonium perchlorate solution can be oxidized by means of the oxides of nitrogen, producing only perchloric acid solution and gaseous products. The ideal reaction would be: (I) 2NH4ClO4 + N2O3 = 2N2 + 2HClO4 + 3H2O. This leaves no reaction products from which the perchloric acid need be purified, and hence it is desired to approach in practice this equation as closely as possible.
\r\n" }, { "name": "House, Harvey Walter", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1920", "title": "The Dehydrogenation of Cotton Seed Oil", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07232024-204630794", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "House", "given": "Harvey Walter" }, "id": "House-Harvey-Walter", "display_name": "House, Harvey Walter" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/h8am-bw96", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Beuschlein, Warren L.", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1919", "title": "The Electrolytic Reduction of Sodium Nitrate to Sodium Nitrite", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07192024-212532240", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Beuschlein", "given": "Warren L." }, "id": "Beuschlein-Warren-L", "display_name": "Beuschlein, Warren L." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/kxfg-f833", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Capra, Frank Russell", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "The Equivalent Conductance of Solutions of Picric Acid", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09102015-160736564", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Capra", "given": "Frank Russell" }, "id": "Capra-Frank-Russell", "display_name": "Capra, Frank Russell" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "None", "given": "None" }, "display_name": "None, None" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/6Z0C-0639", "abstract": "Picric acid possesses the property, which is rare among strong electrolytes, of having a convenient distribution ratio between water and certain organic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, etc. Because of this property, picric acid offers peculiar advantages for studying the well known deviations of strong electrolytes from the law of mass action, for; by means of distribution experiments, the activities of picric acid in various aqueous solutions may be compared.
\r\n\r\nIn order to interpret the results of such distribution experiments, it is necessary to know the degree of ionization of picric acid in aqueous solutions.
\r\n\r\nAt least three series of determinations of the equivalent conductance of picric acid have been published, but the results are not concordant; and therefore, the degree of ionization cannot be calculated with any degree of certainty.
\r\n\r\nThe object of the present investigation was to redetermine the conductance of picric acid solutions in order to obtain satisfactory data from which the degrees of ionization of its solutions might be calculated.
\r\n\r\n" }, { "name": "Flory, Robert Weybright", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "I. Action of Hydrogen Peroxide on Aromatic Compounds. II. An Attempt to Prepare Di-Para-Di-Amino-Para-Diphenylbenzene", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07092024-150922588", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Flory", "given": "Robert Weybright" }, "id": "Flory-Robert-Weybright", "display_name": "Flory, Robert Weybright" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/zka7-6m70", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Hartley, Joseph Frederick", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "An Equipment for Determining the Relative Viscosity of Aqueous Solutions", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07242024-153450069", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Hartley", "given": "Joseph Frederick" }, "id": "Hartley-Joseph-Frederick", "display_name": "Hartley, Joseph Frederick" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/my4k-wt64", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Kirschman, H. Darwin", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "The Vapor Pressure of Hydrogen Chloride Above its Aqueous Solution", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07232024-203714594", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Kirschman", "given": "H. Darwin" }, "id": "Kirschman-H-Darwin", "display_name": "Kirschman, H. Darwin" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/zdvc-9r83", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Nutt, Donovan", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "The Equilibrium Between Cuprous and Cupric Ions and Copper", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07232024-204159052", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Nutt", "given": "Donovan" }, "id": "Nutt-Donovan", "display_name": "Nutt, Donovan" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/nxx1-4431", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Steele, James P.", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "The Silver Salts of Tetrabromphenol", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07192024-224641502", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Steele", "given": "James P." }, "id": "Steele-James-P", "display_name": "Steele, James P." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/cjev-mb95", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Sticht, Robert Carl, Jr.", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1918", "title": "The Specific Electrode Potential of Bismuth", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07192024-214358601", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Sticht", "given": "Robert Carl, Jr." }, "id": "Sticht-Robert-Carl-Jr.", "display_name": "Sticht, Robert Carl, Jr." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/2wr9-sr76", "abstract": "No abstract." }, { "name": "Kemp, Archie Reed", "degree": "Bachelors", "year": "1917", "title": "The Determination of Silver in Organic Compounds. The Silver Salts of Pentabromophenol", "advisor": "Unknown, Unknown", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07082024-223136719", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Kemp", "given": "Archie Reed" }, "id": "Kemp-Archie-Reed", "display_name": "Kemp, Archie Reed" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemistry" ], "doi": "10.7907/k6gy-t596", "abstract": "No abstract." } ]