[ { "name": "Silvey, Franklin Clark", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1957", "title": "I. Supersaturation in Hydrocarbon Systems Methane-n-Decane. II. Supersaturation in Hydrocarbon Systems Methane-n-Decane Silica", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08092004-113527", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Silvey", "given": "Franklin Clark" }, "id": "Silvey-Franklin-Clark", "display_name": "Silvey, Franklin Clark" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/2D0D-TV43", "abstract": "PART I\r\n\r\nAn understanding of the possible influence of supersaturated liquids upon the production and refining of petroleum is of industrial interest. Only limited information is available as to the influence of environment upon the duration of supersaturation for pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.\r\n\r\nA number of measurements were made of the influence of strain upon the behavior of four mixtures of methane and n-decane at temperatures ranging from 70 [degrees] to 390[degrees] F. The mixtures exhibited equilibrium bubble-point pressures between 54 and 1048 pounds per square inch. The local strain was introduced by raising the temperature of a portion of the system above that of the remainder.\r\n\r\nThe formation of bubbles in such systems appears to be randomly distributed in time and its rate is nearly directly proportional to the volume of the phase. The results indicate markedly greater tendency for the persistence of supersaturation than obtained in a pure hydrocarbon but the probability of formation of a bubble under a given condition of strain decreased with an increase in mole fraction methane.\r\n\r\nPART II\r\n\r\nAn understanding of the influence of volume and surface effects upon the duration of supersaturation in hydrocarbon liquids is necessary to describe the behavior of liquids in a strained state. A very limited amount of information is available on the influence of surface and volume upon supersaturation in pure hydrocarbons.\r\n\r\nPreliminary information in this field was obtained using a mixture of methane and n-decane containing 0.2290 mole fraction methane at 220[degrees] F. The mixture exhibited an equilibrium bubble-point pressure at 220[degrees] F. of 949 pounds per square inch. These measurements were made in equipment in which the strain was introduced by raising the temperature of a portion of the system above that of the remainder.\r\n\r\nThe volume and surface area of the liquid phase under strain were varied by the introduction of silica crystals. The degree of supersaturation which may be realized in such systems was found to be nearly directly proportional to the volume of the phase. The data were insufficient in number to establish the effect of surface area on bubble formation." }, { "name": "Burriss, William Louis", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1954", "title": "Evaporation from N-Heptane Drops in an Air Stream", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12012003-115944", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Burriss", "given": "William Louis" }, "id": "Burriss-William-Louis", "display_name": "Burriss, William Louis" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/DGDS-SD18", "abstract": "The rates of heat and mass transfer from equilibrium non-spherical n-heptane drops in an air stream have been investigated. Two types of drops were produced, one wetting the supporting tube and another not wetting the supporting tube. The drops ranged from 0.005 to 0.008 ft in diameter. Measurements were made at bulk air velocities between 2 and 8 fps, with an air temperature of 100?F. A semi-empirical relation taking into account the deviation of drop shape from spherical leads to a satisfactory correlation of data with those obtained by other investigators for spherical drops." }, { "name": "Golding, Bert Henry", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1954", "title": "Volumetric Properties of Corrosive Gases", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.; Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12152003-113452", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Golding", "given": "Bert Henry" }, "id": "Golding-Bert-Henry", "display_name": "Golding, Bert Henry" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." }, { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/20FR-RP94", "abstract": "Part I: The volumetric behavior of nitrogen dioxide was determined experimentally at temperatures between 100 and 340?F for pressures up to 2000 pounds per square inch. The two-phase data are compared with the results obtained by other investigators. The measurements were made in a stainless steel cell of essentially constant volume, and the experimental apparatus is described.\r\n\r\nPart II: The volumetric behavior of nitric oxide was determined experimentally at temperatures between 40 and 220?F for pressures up to 2500 pounds per square inch. The measurements were made in a variable volume container of chrome-nickel stainless steel with mercury as the confining fluid. Reaction between the mercury and the nitric oxide was experienced at temperatures of 280?F and above.\r\n\r\nPart III: The volumetric behavior of six mixtures in the binary system nitric oxide - nitrogen dioxide was determined in an essentially constant volume apparatus over a temperature range from 10 to 340?F. The composition range was from 0 to 20 weight percent of nitric oxide, and the maximum pressure obtained was approximately 600 pounds per square inch.\r\n\r\nPart IV. The volumetric behavior of four mixtures in the binary system hydrogen sulfide - water was determined in an essentially constant volume apparatus over a temperature range from 10 to 340?F.\r\n\r\nPart V:\tThermodynamic properties of nitric oxide were calculated from the data presented in Part II of this thesis. Values of entropy, enthalpy, and of the ratio of fugacity to pressure are presented at temperatures of 40, 100, 160, and 220?F for pressures up to 2500 pounds per square inch.\r\n\r\nPart VI: Thermodynamic properties of nitrogen dioxide were calculated from the data presented in Part I of this thesis. Values of entropy, enthalpy, and of the ratio of fugacity to pressure are presented for the equilibrium material, the molecular weight of which is taken as that of nitrogen dioxide, at temperatures between 160 and 340?F for pressures up to 1000 pounds per square inch." }, { "name": "Robertson, Glenn David", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1953", "title": "Some Physico-Chemical Properties of the System Nitric Acid--Nitrogen Dioxide--Water. I. The Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Nitric Acid in the Liquid Phase. II. Electrolytic Conductance of the Ternary System Nitric Acid--Nitrogen Dioxide--Water at 32\u00b0 F and Atmospheric Pressure", "advisor": "Mason, David Malcolm", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05092003-090250", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Robertson", "given": "Glenn David" }, "id": "Robertson-Glenn-David", "display_name": "Robertson, Glenn David" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Mason", "given": "David Malcolm" }, "id": "Mason-David-Malcolm", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Mason, David Malcolm" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/Z3QB-4Q13", "abstract": "Part I.\r\n\r\nThe investigation of the kinetics of the decomposition of the liquid phase of nitric acid has indicated that the reaction probably proceeds by way of the unimolecular decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide which exists in the pure acid. The effects of several inorganic additives in suppressing the rate of decomposition are in agreement with the postulate involving dinitrogen pentoxide. The magnitude of the inhibition of the decomposition by various additives has been found to be insufficient to prevent the eventual attainment of high equilibrium pressures resulting from decomposition when nitric acid is stored in closed containers. The solubility of oxygen in fuming nitric acid has been determined for oxygen pressures up to 21 atmospheres in the temperature range between 35[degrees] and 70[degrees]C. Under these conditions, the solubility of oxygen was found to increase with an increase in temperature.\r\n\r\nPart II.\r\n\r\nThe electrolytic conductance of the system nitric acid--nitrogen dioxide--water in the liquid phase was measured at 0[degrees]C and a pressure of 1 atmosphere for compositions containing more than 0.80 weight fraction nitric acid. The conductance of the associated binary systems nitric acid--water and nitric acid--nitrogen dioxide has been measured over the entire range of compositions from 0 to 1.00 weight fraction nitric acid. The conductance measurements offer additional proof of the self-ionization of pure nitric acid and of the ionization of nitrogen dioxide dissolved in nitric acid." }, { "name": "Sherwin, Robert Mitchell", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1952", "title": "Momentum and Heat Transfer Studies. I. Transfer of Heat and Momentum in Uniform Turbulent Air Streams. II. Continuous Velocity Measurements by the Hot Wire Method", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:10132017-134354937", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Sherwin", "given": "Robert Mitchell" }, "id": "Sherwin-Robert-Mitchell", "display_name": "Sherwin, Robert Mitchell" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/HJ09-KX96", "abstract": "

Part I

\r\n\r\n

The thermal flux has been measured across an air stream flowing \r\nin a uniform, two-dimensional manner between horizontal parallel \r\nplates at different temperatures. Reynolds numbers ranged from 9,800\r\nto 56,500. A macroscopic correlation shows the effect of turbulence \r\non the thermal transfer.

\r\n\r\n\r\n

A revised correlation of total conductivity as a function \r\nof position is subsequently obtained by correcting previously deter\u00admined \r\nvalues of total conductivity. A similar correlation of the\r\ntotal viscosity with position is revised to allow for variation in\r\nthe pressure gradient with plate separation. The correlations fall \r\noff with increasing Reynolds number. The turbulent Prandtl numbers \r\nfor two tests by an earlier investigator are compared with those predicted \r\nfrom the ratio of the revised point correlations.

\r\n\r\n\r\n

Part II

\r\n\r\n

Two hot-wire methods are described for determining continuously \r\nthe mean velocity as a function of position in a turbulently-flowing \r\nair stream. In the constant-resistance method the mean wire temperature \r\nis automatically controlled. In the constant-current method no \r\ncontrol is necessary. In exploratory measurements the total \r\nviscosities bridge the discontinuous gap which arises from the use of \r\nvon K\u00e1rm\u00e1n's expression at the boundary between the buffer layer and \r\nthe turbulent core. Thermal flux corresponding to a Nusselt number\r\nof 40 has no noticeable effect on the velocity profile.

" }, { "name": "Brough, Harry Ward, Jr.", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1950", "title": "An Investigation of the Benedict Equation of State as a Means of Correlating Volumetric Data for Light Hydrocarbons", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:07162025-182800937", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Brough", "given": "Harry Ward, Jr." }, "id": "Brough-Harry-Ward", "display_name": "Brough, Harry Ward, Jr." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/6n8t-1k91", "abstract": "

The problem of evaluating constants for the Benedict equation of state is discussed. It is concluded that a method must be found which is adaptable to high-speed digital computers and which is capable of precise analytical interpretation if the equation is to be made practical as a means of correlating data for mixtures of hydrocarbons.

\r\n

A study has been made of the least squares criterion of best fit as a means of evaluating the Benedict constants from volumetric data alone. The necessary equations are presented and some analytical characteristics of the solution investigated. A procedure was developed for performing the calculations with commercial punched card equipment, and the results of two test calculations are presented. It is shown that a significantly better fit of volumetric data is possible that was obtained by Benedict. Computations are shown which indicate that the Benedict constants are determined by the experimentally observed behavior to four digits at most. Coefficients are presented for for an equation by means of which the least squares measure of the precision of fit may readily be calculated for any arbitrary values of the constant.

\r\n

It is concluded that the method used is suitable for digital-computer treatment and, as applied to volumetric data, gives both an improved fit and the desired precise interpretation of the fit

" }, { "name": "Billheimer, John S.", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1949", "title": "The Generalized Phase Behavior of Paraffin-Tetralin-Bitumen Systems", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.; Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06172025-221443684", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Billheimer", "given": "John S." }, "id": "Billheimer-John-S", "display_name": "Billheimer, John S." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." }, { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/7b1g-ka12", "abstract": "The addition of paraffin hydrocarbons to a solution of\r\nbitumen in tetralin will cause partial separation of the bitumen. Increasing the paraffin concentration will increase the separation of bitumen providing a second liquid phase characterized by high solvency for bitumen does not form. A maximum in the bitumen separation is thus obtained at the paraffin concentration corresponding to the formation of this second liquid phase. An increase in temperature generally results in a decreased separation of bitumen. These complex phase behaviors have been investigated for the addition of methane, n-pentane, and decane to a restricted bitumen-tetralin system." }, { "name": "Goff, Gordon Henry", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1949", "title": "Volumetric and Phase Behavior of Propane 1-Butene System", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.; Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:06012025-083939402", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Goff", "given": "Gordon Henry" }, "id": "Goff-Gordon-Henry", "display_name": "Goff, Gordon Henry" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." }, { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/7cef-5r26", "abstract": "

The volumetric behavior of an 81.739 mole % 1-butene mixture\r\nof propene and 1-butene was investigated at seven temperatures\r\nfrom 40\u00b0F to 280\u00b0F over a pressure range from about 40 pounds per\r\nsquare inch absolute to 10,000 pounds per square inch absolute. Tabulations\r\nof single-phase and two-phase data interpolated to even values\r\nof pressure are presented.

\r\n\r\n

Revised volumetric data for three mixtures of propene and\r\n1-butene previously investigated by Farrington are presented in tabular\r\nform over similar ranges of temperature and pressure. Variations\r\nof actual volumetric behavior from ideal behavior are shown graphically\r\nfor the system.

\r\n\r\n

The compositions of bubble-point liquid and dew-point gas\r\nwere established experimentally throughout the two-phase region for\r\ntemperatures between 40\u00b0 and 280\u00b0F. Values of specific volume and composition\r\nfor coexisting liquid and gas phases are tabulated. Equilibrium\r\nconstants are given for propene and 1-butene. Properties for the critical\r\nregion are estimated.

" }, { "name": "Auerbach, Charles Edward", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1948", "title": "Isobaric Heat Capacity at Bubble Point of Four Hydrocarbons", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04072025-205212965", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Auerbach", "given": "Charles Edward" }, "id": "Auerbach-Charles-Edward", "display_name": "Auerbach, Charles Edward" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/a9jy-ta81", "abstract": "The isobaric heat capacity of the bubble-point liquid was determined\r\nfor propene at temperatures from 80\u00b0 to 160\u00b0F, and for neohexane,\r\ncyclohexane, and iso-octane in the temperature range from 80\u00b0 to 200\u00b0F.\r\nAn equation for obtaining the isobaric heat capacity has been derived\r\nwhich employs volumetric correction terms applied to the heat capacity\r\nof the substance as measured in an isochoric adiabatic calorimeter. The\r\nresults are presented in both graphical and tabular form." }, { "name": "Farrington, Paul Stephen", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1948", "title": "Volumetric Behavior of Propene and Three Mixtures of Propene and l-Butene", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.; Lacey, William Noble", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:09172025-030633581", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Farrington", "given": "Paul Stephen" }, "id": "Farrington-Paul-Stephen", "display_name": "Farrington, Paul Stephen" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." }, { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/k5r4-tb84", "abstract": "

The volumetric behavior of propene was investigated at temperatures from 40\u00b0 to 460\u00b0 F. and pressures from 10,000 pounds per square inch absolute to values well below vapor pressure at 40\u00b0 F. The results are tabulated and are compared graphically with the data of other investigators.

\r\n

Three mixtures of propene and 1-butene were subjected to volumetric study at temperatures from 40\u00b0 to 280\u00b0 F. in the pressure range from 10,000 to about 100 pounds per square inch absolute. The results are tabulated separately for the single-phase and two-phase regions pf each mixture.\r\nVariations of actual behavior from that of ideal solutions\r\nare shown graphically.

" }, { "name": "Glanville, James William", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1948", "title": "Volumetric Behavior of Benzene, Propane and Four Mixtures of these Substances", "advisor": "Lacey, William Noble; Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-10262004-153802", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Glanville", "given": "James William" }, "id": "Glanville-James-William", "display_name": "Glanville, James William" } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Lacey", "given": "William Noble" }, "id": "Lacey-W-N", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Lacey, William Noble" }, { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/DNCC-4G10", "abstract": "The volumetric behavior of benzene and of propane was investigated over a pressure range from vapor pressure to 10,000 pounds per square inch absolute and a temperature range from 100 to 4600[degrees] F. The results of these studies are presented in tabular form.\r\n\r\nThe volumetric behavior of four mixtures of benzene and propane was investigated at temperatures from 100 to 4600[degrees] F. in the pressure range from substantially below bubble point to 10,000 pounds per square inch absolute. The single phase and two-phase data are presented in separate tabulations for each mixture. Deviations of the mixtures from the behavior of ideal solutions are shown graphically.\r\n" }, { "name": "Thompson, Russell Albert, Jr.", "degree": "Engineering Degree", "year": "1947", "title": "Phase Behavior of Propane and Propene Hydrates", "advisor": "Sage, Bruce H.", "url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechTHESIS:04012025-183309950", "creators": [ { "name": { "family": "Thompson", "given": "Russell Albert, Jr." }, "id": "Thompson-Russell-Albert", "display_name": "Thompson, Russell Albert, Jr." } ], "advisors": [ { "name": { "family": "Sage", "given": "Bruce H." }, "id": "Sage-B-H", "role": "advisor", "display_name": "Sage, Bruce H." } ], "committee": [ { "name": { "family": "Unknown", "given": "Unknown" }, "display_name": "Unknown, Unknown" } ], "option_major": [ "chemeng" ], "doi": "10.7907/rxjk-nq88", "abstract": "

The compositions of propane, propene, and propane-propene\r\nhydrates varied from 5 to 15 mols of water per mol of\r\nhydrocarbon. No appreciable separation of the propene from the\r\npropane was found between the excess liquid hydrocarbon phase\r\nand the hydrate phase. These facts represent the results of\r\ntwenty experiments at 400 psia and 33 - 39\u00b0 F.

\r\n\r\n

While the variations in apparent compositions are over\r\none hundred times the experimental error as demonstrated by\r\nmaterial balances, no theoretical explanation is offered to\r\ninterpret this behavior.

" } ]