[
    {
        "id": "authors:abf7r-k8h97",
        "collection": "authors",
        "collection_id": "abf7r-k8h97",
        "cite_using_url": "https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20130305-134018243",
        "type": "publication_deliverable",
        "title": "SHAKEOUT 2008:  Tall Steel Moment Frame Building Response",
        "author": [
            {
                "family_name": "Krishnan",
                "given_name": "Swaminathan",
                "orcid": "0000-0002-2594-1523",
                "clpid": "Krishnan-Swaminathan"
            },
            {
                "family_name": "Muto",
                "given_name": "Matthew M.",
                "clpid": "Muto-Matthew-M"
            }
        ],
        "abstract": "In 2008, there was a significant campaign undertaken in southern California to\nincrease public awareness and readiness for the next large earthquake along the\nSan Andreas fault that culminated in a large-scale earthquake response exercise.\nThe USGS ShakeOut scenario was a key element to understanding the likely\neffects of such an event. In support of this effort, a study was conducted to assess\nthe response of tall steel structures to a M7.8 scenario earthquake on the southern\nSan Andreas Fault. Presented here are results for two structures. The first is a\nmodel of an 18-story steel moment frame building that experienced significant\ndamage (fracture of moment-frame connections) during the 1994 Northridge\nearthquake. The second model is of a very similar building, but with a structural\nsystem redesigned according to a more modern code (UBC 97). Structural\nresponses are generated using three-dimensional, non-linear, deteriorating finite\nelement models, which are subjected to ground motions generated by the scenario\nearthquake at 784 points spaced at approximately 4 km throughout the San\nFernando Valley, the San Gabriel Valley and the Los Angeles Basin. The\nkinematic source model includes large-scale features of the slip distribution,\ndetermined through community participation in two workshops and short lengthscale\nrandom variations. The rupture initiates at Bombay Beach and ruptures to\nthe northwest before ending at Lake Hughes, with a total length of just over 300\nkm and a peak slip of 12 m at depth. The resulting seismic waves are propagated\nusing the SCEC community velocity model for southern California, resulting in\nground velocities as large as 2 m/s and ground displacements as large as 1.5 m in\nthe region considered in this study. The ground motions at the sites selected for\nthis study are low-passed filtered with a corner period at 2 seconds. Results\nindicate a high probability of collapse or damage for the pre-1994 building in\nareas of southern California where many high-rise buildings are located.\nPerformance of the redesigned buildings is substantially improved, but responses\nin urban areas are still large enough to indicate a high-probability of damage. The\nsimulation results are also used to correlate the probability of building collapse\nwith damage to the structural system.",
        "publisher": "Caltech Library",
        "publication_date": "2008-05"
    }
]