[ { "id": "authors:6wzzx-9p192", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "6wzzx-9p192", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/6wzzx-9p192", "type": "article", "title": "Spectral Response of SPHEREx", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hui", "given_name": "Howard", "orcid": "0000-0001-5812-1903", "clpid": "Hui-Howard" }, { "family_name": "Bock", "given_name": "James J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5710-5212", "clpid": "Bock-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Condon", "given_name": "Samuel", "orcid": "0000-0003-4255-3650" }, { "family_name": "Dowell", "given_name": "C. Darren", "orcid": "0009-0002-0098-6183", "clpid": "Dowell-C-Darren" }, { "family_name": "Jeong", "given_name": "Woong-Seob", "orcid": "0000-0002-2770-808X" }, { "family_name": "Jo", "given_name": "Young-soo", "orcid": "0000-0003-3574-1784" }, { "family_name": "Korngut", "given_name": "Phil M.", "orcid": "0009-0003-8869-3365", "clpid": "Korngut-Philip-M" }, { "family_name": "Manatt", "given_name": "Kenneth", "orcid": "0009-0009-5777-4457", "clpid": "Manatt-Kenneth" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Chi", "orcid": "0000-0001-9368-3186", "clpid": "Nguyen-Chi" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Hien", "clpid": "Nguyen-Hien" }, { "family_name": "Padin", "given_name": "Stephen", "orcid": "0009-0001-9993-4393", "clpid": "Padin-Stephen" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Sung-Joon", "orcid": "0009-0001-4064-9918" }, { "family_name": "Pyo", "given_name": "Jeonghyun", "orcid": "0000-0001-9937-8270" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Yujin", "orcid": "0000-0003-3078-2763" }, { "family_name": "Ashby", "given_name": "Matthew L. N.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3993-0745" }, { "family_name": "Bach", "given_name": "Yoonsoo P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2618-1124" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Tzu-Ching", "orcid": "0000-0001-5929-4187", "clpid": "Chang-Tzu-Ching" }, { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Yun-Ting", "orcid": "0000-0002-5437-0504", "clpid": "Cheng-Yun-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Chiang", "given_name": "Yi-Kuan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6320-261X" }, { "family_name": "Cooray", "given_name": "Asantha", "orcid": "0000-0002-3892-0190", "clpid": "Cooray-A" }, { "family_name": "Crill", "given_name": "Brendan P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4650-8518", "clpid": "Crill-Brendan-P" }, { "family_name": "Cukierman", "given_name": "Ari J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7471-719X", "clpid": "Cukierman-Ari-J" }, { "family_name": "Dor\u00e9", "given_name": "Olivier", "orcid": "0000-0001-7432-2932", "clpid": "Dor\u00e9-O" }, { "family_name": "Faisst", "given_name": "Andreas L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832", "clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L" }, { "family_name": "Hora", "given_name": "Joseph L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5599-4650" }, { "family_name": "Kang", "given_name": "Jae Hwan", "orcid": "0000-0002-3470-2954", "clpid": "Kang-Jae-Hwan" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "BoMee", "orcid": "0000-0003-1954-5046", "clpid": "Lee-BoMee" }, { "family_name": "Lisse", "given_name": "Carey M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9548-1526" }, { "family_name": "Masters", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138", "clpid": "Masters-Dan" }, { "family_name": "Paladini", "given_name": "Roberta", "orcid": "0000-0002-5158-243X", "clpid": "Paladini-Roberta" }, { "family_name": "Rustamkulov", "given_name": "Zafar", "orcid": "0000-0003-4408-0463", "clpid": "Rustamkulov-Zafar" }, { "family_name": "Tolls", "given_name": "Volker", "orcid": "0000-0003-1841-2241" }, { "family_name": "Werner", "given_name": "Michael W.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4990-189X", "clpid": "Werner-Michael-W" }, { "family_name": "Zemcov", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0001-8253-1451", "clpid": "Zemcov-Michael" } ], "abstract": "
\n

The Spectro Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) is conducting the first all-sky near-infrared spectral survey spanning 0.75–5.0 μm with resolving power R ≈ 35–130. Linear variable filters mounted in front of six H2RG detectors produce a position-dependent spectral response across the focal plane. This paper presents the ground-based spectral calibration of SPHEREx, including the cryogenic apparatus, optical configuration, measurement strategy, analysis pipeline, and resulting calibration products. Monochromatic wavelength scans are used to derive the spectral response function, band center, and resolving power for every pixel. Band centers are measured to better than 1 nm for Bands 1 through 4 (0.75–3.82 μm) and better than 10 nm for Bands 5 and 6 (3.82–5.0 μm). Out-of-band leakage is negligible for detectors above 1.64 μm and is present at the percent level below this wavelength. The resolving power is measured to within 5% and agrees with design expectations to within 10%. An on-sky spectrum of the Cat’s Eye Nebula (NGC 6543) constructed from repeated observations provides in-flight verification and shows agreement between ground-calibrated response and astrophysical emission features. Calibration products, including per-pixel band center and resolving power maps, are released through IPAC to support community use of SPHEREx data. The absolute spectral calibration will continue to improve through in-flight measurements, with further reductions in uncertainty expected for the longest-wavelength bands.

\n
", "doi": "10.3847/1538-4365/ae522c", "issn": "0067-0049", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series", "publication_date": "2026-05", "series_number": "1", "volume": "284", "issue": "1", "pages": "10" }, { "id": "authors:ba2ay-z4658", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ba2ay-z4658", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ba2ay-z4658", "type": "article", "title": "SPHEREx Widefield Infrared Spectral Mapping of Interstellar Ices and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons", "author": [ { "family_name": "Hora", "given_name": "Joseph L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5599-4650" }, { "family_name": "Noh", "given_name": "Jinyoung K.", "orcid": "0009-0007-1206-9506" }, { "family_name": "Melnick", "given_name": "Gary J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6025-0680" }, { "family_name": "Hensley", "given_name": "Brandon S.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7449-4638", "clpid": "Hensley-Brandon-S" }, { "family_name": "Paladini", "given_name": "Roberta", "orcid": "0000-0002-5158-243X", "clpid": "Paladini-Roberta" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Jeong-Eun", "orcid": "0000-0003-3119-2087" }, { "family_name": "Ashby", "given_name": "Matthew L. N.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3993-0745" }, { "family_name": "Tolls", "given_name": "Volker", "orcid": "0000-0003-1841-2241" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Jaeyeong", "orcid": "0000-0001-8064-2801" }, { "family_name": "Werner", "given_name": "Michael W.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4990-189X", "clpid": "Werner-Michael-W" }, { "family_name": "Bock", "given_name": "James J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5710-5212", "clpid": "Bock-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Bruton", "given_name": "Sean", "orcid": "0000-0002-6503-5218", "clpid": "Bruton-Sean" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Shuang-Shuang", "orcid": "0009-0000-3415-2203", "clpid": "Chen-Shuang-Shuang" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Tzu-Ching", "orcid": "0000-0001-5929-4187", "clpid": "Chang-Tzu-Ching" }, { "family_name": "Chiang", "given_name": "Yi-Kuan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6320-261X" }, { "family_name": "Cooray", "given_name": "Asantha", "orcid": "0000-0002-3892-0190", "clpid": "Cooray-A" }, { "family_name": "Crill", "given_name": "Brendan P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4650-8518", "clpid": "Crill-Brendan-P" }, { "family_name": "Cukierman", "given_name": "Ari J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7471-719X", "clpid": "Cukierman-Ari-J" }, { "family_name": "Dor\u00e9", "given_name": "Olivier", "orcid": "0000-0001-7432-2932", "clpid": "Dor\u00e9-O" }, { "family_name": "Faisst", "given_name": "Andreas L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832", "clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L" }, { "family_name": "Huai", "given_name": "Zhaoyu", "orcid": "0009-0009-1219-5128", "clpid": "Huai-Zhaoyu" }, { "family_name": "Hui", "given_name": "Howard", "orcid": "0000-0001-5812-1903", "clpid": "Hui-Howard" }, { "family_name": "Jeong", "given_name": "Woong-Seob", "orcid": "0000-0002-2770-808X" }, { "family_name": "Kang", "given_name": "Miju", "orcid": "0000-0002-5016-050X" }, { "family_name": "Korngut", "given_name": "Phil M.", "orcid": "0009-0003-8869-3365", "clpid": "Korngut-Philip-M" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Ho-Gyu", "orcid": "0000-0002-3808-7143" }, { "family_name": "Lisse", "given_name": "Carey M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9548-1526" }, { "family_name": "Masters", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138", "clpid": "Masters-Dan" }, { "family_name": "Murgia", "given_name": "Giulia", "orcid": "0009-0002-0149-9328", "clpid": "Murgia-Giulia" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Chi H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9368-3186", "clpid": "Nguyen-Chi-H" }, { "family_name": "Rustamkulov", "given_name": "Zafar", "orcid": "0000-0003-4408-0463", "clpid": "Rustamkulov-Zafar" }, { "family_name": "Seok", "given_name": "Ji Yeon", "orcid": "0000-0002-0070-3246" }, { "family_name": "Wen", "given_name": "Robin Y.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7254-1285", "clpid": "Wen-Robin-Y" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Yujin", "orcid": "0000-0003-3078-2763" }, { "family_name": "Zemcov", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0001-8253-1451" } ], "abstract": "
\n

We present some of the first infrared spectral maps acquired by SPHEREx. These maps, which to our knowledge are the largest of their type ever compiled in the near-infrared, reveal multiple strong lines due to interstellar ices and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) throughout the Cygnus X and North American Nebula regions. The maps emphasize the strongest features arising from the 3 μm H2O, 4.27 μm CO2, and 4.67 μm CO lines and the 3.28 μm PAH feature, all of which are detected over large areas with complex and filamentary spatial distributions. The ice absorption maps of H2O and CO2 in particular broadly trace dense, cold, and well-shielded regions across Cygnus X, consistent with the established picture of efficient ice formation in dense molecular clouds. The interstellar ice features are also detected abundantly in diffuse absorption over wide areas. The relative strengths of the H2O and CO2 features vary among different lines of sight, indicating possible differences in local physical conditions or chemical variations. The 3.28 μm PAH emission correlates with the emission from the 7.7 and 11.2 μm features but shows small differences that may trace the grain-size distribution and variations in the ambient UV field. SPHEREx all-sky spectral imaging—only a small fraction of which is showcased in this work—will support numerous science investigations, including the structure of the Galaxy, the physics of the interstellar medium, and the chemistry of stars.

\n
", "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ae5180", "issn": "0004-637X", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "publication_date": "2026-04-20", "series_number": "2", "volume": "1001", "issue": "2", "pages": "165" }, { "id": "authors:ffy4c-7y118", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ffy4c-7y118", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ffy4c-7y118", "type": "article", "title": "SPHEREx Pre-perihelion Mapping of H\u2082O, CO\u2082, and CO in Interstellar Object 3I/ATLAS", "author": [ { "family_name": "Lisse", "given_name": "Carey M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9548-1526" }, { "family_name": "Bach", "given_name": "Yoonsoo P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2618-1124" }, { "family_name": "Crill", "given_name": "Brendan P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4650-8518", "clpid": "Crill-Brendan-P" }, { "family_name": "Korngut", "given_name": "Phil M.", "orcid": "0009-0003-8869-3365", "clpid": "Korngut-Philip-M" }, { "family_name": "Cukierman", "given_name": "Ari J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7471-719X", "clpid": "Cukierman-Ari-J" }, { "family_name": "Bryan", "given_name": "Sean A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4607-9562" }, { "family_name": "Cooray", "given_name": "Asantha", "orcid": "0000-0002-3892-0190", "clpid": "Cooray-A" }, { "family_name": "Dowell", "given_name": "C. Darren", "orcid": "0009-0002-0098-6183", "clpid": "Dowell-C-Darren" }, { "family_name": "Werner", "given_name": "Michael W.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4990-189X", "clpid": "Werner-Michael-W" }, { "family_name": "Hora", "given_name": "Joseph L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5599-4650" }, { "family_name": "Rustamkulov", "given_name": "Zafar", "orcid": "0000-0003-4408-0463", "clpid": "Rustamkulov-Zafar" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Jeong-Eun", "orcid": "0000-0003-3119-2087" }, { "family_name": "Lim", "given_name": "Bumhoo", "orcid": "0000-0002-8244-4603" }, { "family_name": "Fernandez", "given_name": "Y. R.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1156-9721" }, { "family_name": "Tolls", "given_name": "Volker", "orcid": "0000-0003-1841-2241" }, { "family_name": "Reach", "given_name": "W. T.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8362-4094" }, { "family_name": "Dor\u00e9", "given_name": "O.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7432-2932", "clpid": "Dor\u00e9-O" }, { "family_name": "Zemcov", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0001-8253-1451" }, { "family_name": "Bock", "given_name": "James J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5710-5212", "clpid": "Bock-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Yun-Ting", "orcid": "0000-0002-5437-0504", "clpid": "Cheng-Yun-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Champagne", "given_name": "C.", "orcid": "0009-0001-1093-3715" }, { "family_name": "Choi", "given_name": "Seungwon", "orcid": "0009-0006-1028-1653" }, { "family_name": "Connelley", "given_name": "M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8293-1428" }, { "family_name": "Emery", "given_name": "J. P.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9265-9475" }, { "family_name": "Everett", "given_name": "Spencer", "orcid": "0000-0002-3745-2882", "clpid": "Everett-Spencer-W" }, { "family_name": "Faisst", "given_name": "Andreas L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832", "clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L" }, { "family_name": "Geem", "given_name": "Jooyeon", "orcid": "0000-0002-3291-4056" }, { "family_name": "Hui", "given_name": "Howard", "orcid": "0000-0001-5812-1903", "clpid": "Hui-Howard" }, { "family_name": "Ishiguro", "given_name": "Masateru", "orcid": "0000-0002-7332-2479" }, { "family_name": "Jin", "given_name": "Sunho", "orcid": "0000-0002-0460-7550" }, { "family_name": "Jo", "given_name": "Hangbin", "orcid": "0009-0004-9591-8646" }, { "family_name": "Mahlke", "given_name": "Max", "orcid": "0000-0003-2831-0513" }, { "family_name": "Masters", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138", "clpid": "Masters-Dan" }, { "family_name": "Melnick", "given_name": "Gary J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6025-0680" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Chi H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9368-3186", "clpid": "Nguyen-Chi-H" }, { "family_name": "Paladini", "given_name": "Roberta", "orcid": "0000-0002-5158-243X", "clpid": "Paladini-Roberta" }, { "family_name": "Sitko", "given_name": "M. L.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1799-1755" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Yujin", "orcid": "0000-0003-3078-2763" } ], "abstract": "
\n

From 2025 August 1 to August 15 UT, the SPHEREx spacecraft observed interstellar object 3I/ATLAS. Using R = 40–130 spectrophotometry at λ = 0.7–5 μm, lightcurves, spectra, and imaging of 3I were obtained. From these, robust detections of water gas emission at 2.7–2.8 μm and CO2 gas at 4.23–4.27 μm plus tentative detections of 13CO2 and CO gas were found. A slightly extended H2O coma was detected, and a huge CO2 atmosphere extending out to at least 4.2 × 105 km was discovered. Gas production rates and 1σ errors for H2O, 12CO2, 13CO2, and CO were Qgas = 3.2 × 1026 ± 20%, 1.6 × 1027 ± 10%, 1.3 × 1025 ± 25%, and 1.0 × 1026 ± 25%, respectively. Coaddition of all λ = 1.0–1.5 μm scattered light continuum images from 3I produced an image with high signal-to-noise ratio consistent with an unresolved source. The lightcurve of scattered light showed \u227215% variability over the observation period. The absolute brightness of 3I at 1.0–1.5 μm is consistent with a nucleus of <2.5 km radius surrounded by a 100 times brighter coma. The 1.5–4.0 μm continuum structure shows a strong spectral feature commensurate with water ice absorption seen in Kuiper Belt objects and distant comets. The observed cometary behavior of 3I, including its preponderance of CO2 emission, lack of CO output, small size, and predominance of large icy chunks of material in a flux-dominant coma, is similar to the behavior of short-period comet 103P/Hartley 2, the ”hyperactive, strongly thermally processed comet” flyby target of the NASA Deep Impact Extended mission in 2010. This correspondence suggests that interstellar objects can be significantly thermally processed before ejection into the interstellar medium, and by comparison to 1I and 2I, this processing can be widely variable in its physical outcome.

\n
", "doi": "10.3847/2041-8213/ae4974", "issn": "2041-8205", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal Letters", "publication_date": "2026-04-01", "series_number": "2", "volume": "1000", "issue": "2", "pages": "L52" }, { "id": "authors:k669t-mjn64", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "k669t-mjn64", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/k669t-mjn64", "type": "article", "title": "Simulating Spectral Confusion in SPHEREx Photometry and Redshifts", "author": [ { "family_name": "Huai", "given_name": "Zhaoyu", "orcid": "0009-0009-1219-5128", "clpid": "Huai-Zhaoyu" }, { "family_name": "Bock", "given_name": "James J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5710-5212", "clpid": "Bock-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Cheng \u912d", "given_name": "Yun-Ting \u6600\u5ead", "orcid": "0000-0002-5437-0504", "clpid": "Cheng-Yun-Ting" }, { "family_name": "de Janvry", "given_name": "Jean Choppin", "orcid": "0009-0008-8066-446X", "clpid": "de-Janvry-Jean-Choppin" }, { "family_name": "Bruton", "given_name": "Sean", "orcid": "0000-0002-6503-5218", "clpid": "Bruton-Sean" }, { "family_name": "Cheshire", "given_name": "James R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1630-7854", "clpid": "Cheshire-James-R" }, { "family_name": "Crill", "given_name": "Brendan P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4650-8518", "clpid": "Crill-Brendan-P" }, { "family_name": "Dor\u00e9", "given_name": "Olivier", "orcid": "0000-0001-7432-2932", "clpid": "Dor\u00e9-O" }, { "family_name": "Everett", "given_name": "Spencer W.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3745-2882", "clpid": "Everett-Spencer-W" }, { "family_name": "Faisst", "given_name": "Andreas L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832", "clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L" }, { "family_name": "Feder", "given_name": "Richard M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9330-8738" }, { "family_name": "Jeong", "given_name": "Woong-Seob", "orcid": "0000-0002-2770-808X" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Yongjung", "orcid": "0000-0003-1647-3286" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Bomee", "orcid": "0000-0003-1954-5046" }, { "family_name": "Masters", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138", "clpid": "Masters-Dan" } ], "abstract": "
\n

We model the impact of source confusion on photometry and the resulting spectrophotometric redshifts for SPHEREx, a NASA Medium-Class Explorer that is carrying out an all-sky near-infrared spectral survey. Spectral confusion from untargeted background galaxies degrades sensitivity and introduces a spectral bias. Using interpolated spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the COSMOS2020 catalog, we construct a Monte Carlo library of confusion spectra that captures the cumulative impact from faint galaxies. By injecting confusion realizations into galaxy SEDs and performing forced photometry at known source positions, we quantify photometric and redshift error and bias. For our current expected selection of sources for the cosmology analysis, we find typical 1σ confusion levels range from 0.8–3.8 μJy across 0.75–5.0 μm. While negligible at full-sky survey depth, spectral confusion becomes significant in the SPHEREx deep fields, reducing the number of intermediate-precision redshifts and inducing a small systematic overestimation in redshift. In parallel, we also model targeted source blending from beam overlaps, which contributes additional photometric noise without systematic redshift bias, provided that positions are known exactly. Together, confusion and blending vary with the depth of the selected reference sample, revealing a trade-off, where deeper selections reduce confusion but increase blending-induced noise. Our methodology informs optimization of the SPHEREx source selection strategy and future treatments of stellar source blending and confusion.

\n
", "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ae472b", "issn": "0004-637X", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "publication_date": "2026-03-20", "series_number": "1", "volume": "1000", "issue": "1", "pages": "56" }, { "id": "authors:1hhqm-ehm09", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "1hhqm-ehm09", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/1hhqm-ehm09", "type": "article", "title": "The SPHEREx Satellite Mission", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bock", "given_name": "James J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5710-5212", "clpid": "Bock-J-J" }, { "family_name": "Aboobaker", "given_name": "Asad M.", "clpid": "Aboobaker-Asad-M" }, { "family_name": "Adamo", "given_name": "Joseph", "orcid": "0000-0001-9082-9354" }, { "family_name": "Akeson", "given_name": "Rachel", "orcid": "0000-0001-9674-1564", "clpid": "Akeson-Rachel" }, { "family_name": "Alred", "given_name": "John M.", "clpid": "Alred-John-M" }, { "family_name": "Alibay", "given_name": "Farah", "clpid": "Alibay-Farah" }, { "family_name": "Ashby", "given_name": "Matthew L. N.", "orcid": "0000-0002-3993-0745" }, { "family_name": "Bach", "given_name": "Yoonsoo P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-2618-1124" }, { "family_name": "Bleem", "given_name": "Lindsey E.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7665-5079" }, { "family_name": "Bolton", "given_name": "Douglas", "clpid": "Bolton-Douglas" }, { "family_name": "Braun", "given_name": "David F.", "clpid": "Braun-David-F" }, { "family_name": "Bruton", "given_name": "Sean", "orcid": "0000-0002-6503-5218", "clpid": "Bruton-Sean" }, { "family_name": "Bryan", "given_name": "Sean A.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4607-9562" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Tzu-Ching", "orcid": "0000-0001-5929-4187", "clpid": "Chang-Tzu-Ching" }, { "family_name": "Chen", "given_name": "Shuang-Shuang", "orcid": "0009-0000-3415-2203" }, { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Yun-Ting", "orcid": "0000-0002-5437-0504", "clpid": "Cheng-Yun-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Cheshire", "given_name": "James R.", "orcid": "0000-0002-1630-7854", "clpid": "Cheshire-James-R" }, { "family_name": "Chiang", "given_name": "Yi-Kuan", "orcid": "0000-0001-6320-261X" }, { "family_name": "de Janvry", "given_name": "Jean Choppin", "orcid": "0009-0008-8066-446X" }, { "family_name": "Condon", "given_name": "Samuel", "orcid": "0000-0003-4255-3650", "clpid": "Condon-Samuel" }, { "family_name": "Cook", "given_name": "Walter R.", "clpid": "Cook-Walter-R" }, { "family_name": "Cooray", "given_name": "Asantha", "orcid": "0000-0002-3892-0190", "clpid": "Cooray-A" }, { "family_name": "Crill", "given_name": "Brendan P.", "orcid": "0000-0002-4650-8518", "clpid": "Crill-Brendan-P" }, { "family_name": "Cukierman", "given_name": "Ari J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7471-719X", "clpid": "Cukierman-Ari-J" }, { "family_name": "Dor\u00e9", "given_name": "Olivier", "orcid": "0000-0001-7432-2932", "clpid": "Dor\u00e9-O" }, { "family_name": "Dowell", "given_name": "C. Darren", "orcid": "0009-0002-0098-6183", "clpid": "Dowell-C-Darren" }, { "family_name": "Dubois-Felsmann", "given_name": "Gregory P.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1598-6979", "clpid": "Dubois-Felsmann-Gregory-P" }, { "family_name": "Eifler", "given_name": "Tim", "orcid": "0000-0002-1894-3301" }, { "family_name": "Everett", "given_name": "Spencer", "orcid": "0000-0002-3745-2882", "clpid": "Everett-Spencer-W" }, { "family_name": "Fabinsky", "given_name": "Beth E.", "clpid": "Fabinsky-Beth-E" }, { "family_name": "Faisst", "given_name": "Andreas L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832", "clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L" }, { "family_name": "Fanson", "given_name": "James L.", "clpid": "Fanson-James-L" }, { "family_name": "Farrington", "given_name": "Allen H.", "clpid": "Farrington-Allen-H" }, { "family_name": "Fatahi", "given_name": "Tamim", "orcid": "0000-0002-0665-5759", "clpid": "Fatahi-Tamim" }, { "family_name": "Fazar", "given_name": "Candice M.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9925-0146" }, { "family_name": "Feder", "given_name": "Richard M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9330-8738" }, { "family_name": "Frater", "given_name": "Eric H." }, { "family_name": "Grasshorn Gebhardt", "given_name": "Henry S.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8158-0523", "clpid": "Grasshorn-Gebhardt-Henry-S" }, { "family_name": "Giri", "given_name": "Utkarsh", "orcid": "0000-0001-5553-9167", "clpid": "Giri-Utkarsh" }, { "family_name": "Goldina", "given_name": "Tatiana", "orcid": "0009-0003-5316-5562", "clpid": "Goldina-Tatiana" }, { "family_name": "Gorjian", "given_name": "Varoujan", "orcid": "0000-0002-8990-2101", "clpid": "Gorjian-Varoujan" }, { "family_name": "Habib", "given_name": "Salman", "orcid": "0000-0002-7832-0771" }, { "family_name": "Hart", "given_name": "William G.", "clpid": "Hart-William-G" }, { "family_name": "Heinrich", "given_name": "Chen", "orcid": "0000-0003-0426-1948", "clpid": "Heinrich-Chen" }, { "family_name": "Hora", "given_name": "Joseph L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-5599-4650" }, { "family_name": "Huai", "given_name": "Zhaoyu", "orcid": "0009-0009-1219-5128", "clpid": "Huai-Zhaoyu" }, { "family_name": "Hui", "given_name": "Howard", "orcid": "0000-0001-5812-1903", "clpid": "Hui-Howard" }, { "family_name": "Jo", "given_name": "Young-Soo", "orcid": "0000-0003-3574-1784" }, { "family_name": "Jeong", "given_name": "Woong-Seob", "orcid": "0000-0002-2770-808X" }, { "family_name": "Kang", "given_name": "Jae Hwan", "orcid": "0000-0002-3470-2954", "clpid": "Kang-Jae-Hwan" }, { "family_name": "Kang", "given_name": "Miju", "orcid": "0000-0002-5016-050X" }, { "family_name": "Kecman", "given_name": "Branislav", "clpid": "Kecman-Branislav" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Chul-Hwan", "orcid": "0000-0002-2523-3762" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Jaeyeong", "orcid": "0000-0001-8064-2801" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Minjin", "orcid": "0000-0002-3560-0781" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Young-Jun", "orcid": "0009-0004-7886-9029" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Yongjung", "orcid": "0000-0003-1647-3286" }, { "family_name": "Kirkpatrick", "given_name": "J. Davy", "orcid": "0000-0003-4269-260X", "clpid": "Kirkpatrick-J-D" }, { "family_name": "Kobayashi", "given_name": "Yosuke", "orcid": "0000-0002-6633-5036" }, { "family_name": "Korngut", "given_name": "Phil M.", "orcid": "0009-0003-8869-3365", "clpid": "Korngut-Philip-M" }, { "family_name": "Krause", "given_name": "Elisabeth", "orcid": "0000-0001-8356-2014" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Bomee", "orcid": "0000-0003-1954-5046", "clpid": "Lee-Bomee" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Ho-Gyu", "orcid": "0000-0002-3808-7143" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Jae-Joon", "orcid": "0000-0003-0894-7824" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Jeong-Eun", "orcid": "0000-0003-3119-2087" }, { "family_name": "Lisse", "given_name": "Carey M.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9548-1526" }, { "family_name": "Mariani", "given_name": "Giacomo", "clpid": "Mariani-Giacomo" }, { "family_name": "Masters", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138", "clpid": "Masters-Dan" }, { "family_name": "Mauskopf", "given_name": "Philip D.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6397-5516" }, { "family_name": "Melnick", "given_name": "Gary J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-6025-0680" }, { "family_name": "Minasyan", "given_name": "Mary H.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3393-2819", "clpid": "Minasyan-Mary-H" }, { "family_name": "Mirocha", "given_name": "Jordan", "orcid": "0000-0002-8802-5581", "clpid": "Mirocha-Jordan" }, { "family_name": "Miyasaka", "given_name": "Hiromasa", "clpid": "Miyasaka-Hiromasa" }, { "family_name": "Moore", "given_name": "Anne", "orcid": "0000-0003-4331-300X" }, { "family_name": "Moore", "given_name": "Bradley D.", "clpid": "Moore-Bradley-D" }, { "family_name": "Murgia", "given_name": "Giulia", "orcid": "0009-0002-0149-9328", "clpid": "Murgia-Giulia" }, { "family_name": "Naylor", "given_name": "Bret J.", "clpid": "Naylor-Bret-J" }, { "family_name": "Nelson", "given_name": "Christina", "orcid": "0000-0002-5713-3803", "clpid": "Nelson-Christina" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Chi H.", "orcid": "0000-0001-9368-3186", "clpid": "Nguyen-Chi-H" }, { "family_name": "Nguyen", "given_name": "Hien T." }, { "family_name": "Noh", "given_name": "Jinyoung K.", "orcid": "0009-0007-1206-9506" }, { "family_name": "Padin", "given_name": "Stephen", "orcid": "0009-0001-9993-4393", "clpid": "Padin-Stephen" }, { "family_name": "Paladini", "given_name": "Roberta", "orcid": "0000-0002-5158-243X", "clpid": "Paladini-Roberta" }, { "family_name": "Park", "given_name": "Sung-Joon" }, { "family_name": "Penanen", "given_name": "Konstantin I.", "clpid": "Penanen-Konstantin-I" }, { "family_name": "Putnam", "given_name": "Dustin S." }, { "family_name": "Pyo", "given_name": "Jeonghyun", "orcid": "0000-0001-9937-8270" }, { "family_name": "Ramachandra", "given_name": "Nesar", "orcid": "0000-0001-7772-0346" }, { "family_name": "Ramanathan", "given_name": "Keshav", "clpid": "Ramanathan-Keshav" }, { "family_name": "Rustamkulov", "given_name": "Zafar", "orcid": "0000-0003-4408-0463", "clpid": "Rustamkulov-Zafar" }, { "family_name": "Reiley", "given_name": "Daniel J.", "clpid": "Reiley-Daniel-J" }, { "family_name": "Rice", "given_name": "Eric B.", "clpid": "Rice-Eric-B" }, { "family_name": "Rocca", "given_name": "Jennifer M.", "clpid": "Rocca-Jennifer-M" }, { "family_name": "Seok", "given_name": "Ji Yeon", "orcid": "0000-0002-0070-3246" }, { "family_name": "Smith", "given_name": "Roger", "orcid": "0000-0001-7062-9726", "clpid": "Smith-R-M" }, { "family_name": "Stober", "given_name": "Jeremy" }, { "family_name": "Susca", "given_name": "Sara", "clpid": "Susca-Sara" }, { "family_name": "Teplitz", "given_name": "Harry I.", "orcid": "0000-0002-7064-5424", "clpid": "Teplitz-Harry-I" }, { "family_name": "Thelen", "given_name": "Michael P.", "clpid": "Thelen-Michael-P" }, { "family_name": "Tolls", "given_name": "Volker", "orcid": "0000-0003-1841-2241" }, { "family_name": "Torrini", "given_name": "Gabriela", "orcid": "0009-0009-4392-3642", "clpid": "Torrini-Gabriela" }, { "family_name": "Trangsrud", "given_name": "Amy R.", "clpid": "Trangsrud-Amy-R" }, { "family_name": "Unwin", "given_name": "Stephen", "clpid": "Unwin-Stephen" }, { "family_name": "Velicheti", "given_name": "Phani", "orcid": "0009-0004-2580-3624", "clpid": "Velicheti-Phani" }, { "family_name": "Wang", "given_name": "Pao-Yu", "orcid": "0009-0005-3796-2312" }, { "family_name": "Wen", "given_name": "Robin Y.", "orcid": "0000-0001-7254-1285", "clpid": "Wen-Robin-Y" }, { "family_name": "Werner", "given_name": "Michael W.", "orcid": "0000-0003-4990-189X", "clpid": "Werner-Michael-W" }, { "family_name": "Williams", "given_name": "Abby E.", "orcid": "0000-0001-6069-5383" }, { "family_name": "Williamson", "given_name": "Ross", "clpid": "Williamson-Ross" }, { "family_name": "Wincentsen", "given_name": "James", "clpid": "Wincentsen-James" }, { "family_name": "Windhorst", "given_name": "Rogier A.", "orcid": "0000-0001-8156-6281" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Soung-Chul", "orcid": "0000-0001-9842-639X" }, { "family_name": "Yang", "given_name": "Yujin", "orcid": "0000-0003-3078-2763" }, { "family_name": "Zemcov", "given_name": "Michael", "orcid": "0000-0001-8253-1451", "clpid": "Zemcov-Michael" } ], "abstract": "

Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization, and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx), a NASA Explorer satellite launched on 2025 March 11, is carrying out the first all-sky near-infrared spectral survey. The satellite observes in 102 spectral bands from 0.75 to 5.0 μm with a resolving power ranging from λ/Δλ = 35–130 in 6.\"2 pixels. The observatory obtains a 5σ depth of 19.5–19.9 AB mag for 0.75 < λ < 3.8 μm with λ/Δλ ∼ 40 and 17.8–18.8 AB mag for 3.8 < λ < 5.0 μm with λ/Δλ ∼ 120 after mapping the full sky four times over two years. Scientifically, SPHEREx will produce a large galaxy redshift survey over the full sky to constrain the amplitude of inflationary non-Gaussianity. The observations will produce two deep spectral maps near the ecliptic poles that use intensity mapping to probe the evolution of galaxies over cosmic history. By mapping the depth of infrared absorption features over the Galactic plane, SPHEREx will comprehensively survey the abundance and composition of water and other biogenic ice species in the interstellar medium. The project will release initial data rapidly in the form of spectral images, and specialized data products over the life of the mission as the surveys proceed. The science team will also produce spectral catalogs of planet-bearing and low-mass stars, solar system objects, and galaxy clusters three years after launch. We describe the design of the instrument and spacecraft, which flow from the core science requirements. Finally, we present an initial evaluation of the satellite’s in-flight performance and key characteristics.

", "doi": "10.3847/1538-4357/ae2be2", "issn": "0004-637X", "publisher": "American Astronomical Society", "publication": "Astrophysical Journal", "publication_date": "2026-03-01", "series_number": "1", "volume": "999", "issue": "1", "pages": "139" }, { "id": "authors:ff2vr-67m69", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "ff2vr-67m69", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/ff2vr-67m69", "type": "article", "title": "The redshifts from 122 bands: Comparative redshift forecast for low-resolution spectra from SPHEREx and the 7-Dimensional Sky Survey (7DS)", "author": [ { "family_name": "Bae", "given_name": "Jangho", "orcid": "0000-0002-4477-1208" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Bomee", "orcid": "0000-0003-1954-5046" }, { "family_name": "Im", "given_name": "Myungshin", "orcid": "0000-0002-8537-6714" }, { "family_name": "Bahk", "given_name": "Hyeonguk", "orcid": "0009-0002-9878-1126" }, { "family_name": "Dachan", "given_name": "Kim", "orcid": "0009-0001-3899-7198" }, { "family_name": "Hwang", "given_name": "Ho Seong", "orcid": "0000-0003-3428-7612" }, { "family_name": "Hong", "given_name": "Sungryong", "orcid": "0000-0001-9991-8222" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Suk", "orcid": "0000-0003-3474-9047" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Minjin", "orcid": "0000-0002-3560-0781" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Taewan", "orcid": "0009-0001-3758-9440" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Jeyeon" }, { "family_name": "Sohn", "given_name": "Jubee", "orcid": "0000-0002-9254-144X" }, { "family_name": "Song", "given_name": "Hyunmi", "orcid": "0000-0002-4362-4070" }, { "family_name": "Chang", "given_name": "Seo-Won", "orcid": "0000-0002-3118-8275" }, { "family_name": "Cheng", "given_name": "Yun-Ting", "orcid": "0000-0002-5437-0504", "clpid": "Cheng-Yun-Ting" }, { "family_name": "Faisst", "given_name": "Andreas L.", "orcid": "0000-0002-9382-9832", "clpid": "Faisst-Andreas-L" }, { "family_name": "Huai", "given_name": "Zhaoyu", "orcid": "0009-0009-1219-5128", "clpid": "Huai-Zhaoyu" }, { "family_name": "Jeong", "given_name": "Woong-Seob", "orcid": "0000-0002-2770-808X" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Ji Hoon", "orcid": "0000-0002-1418-3309" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Dohyeong", "orcid": "0000-0002-6925-4821" }, { "family_name": "Kim", "given_name": "Yongjung", "orcid": "0000-0003-1647-3286" }, { "family_name": "Lee", "given_name": "Seong-Kook", "orcid": "0000-0001-5342-8906" }, { "family_name": "Masters", "given_name": "Daniel C.", "orcid": "0000-0001-5382-6138", "clpid": "Masters-Dan" }, { "family_name": "Ko", "given_name": "Eunhee", "orcid": "0000-0002-8130-8044" } ], "abstract": "

The recently initiated SPHEREx and 7DS surveys will deliver low-resolution spectra (R\u2004∼\u200420\u2005−\u2005130) for hundreds of millions of galaxies over the optical to near-infrared range (0.4\u2005−\u20055.0\u2006μm), covering a wide sky area without sample selection. These unique datasets will improve redshift estimation and provide a rich redshift catalog for the community. In this study, we forecast the performance of photometric redshift estimations using simulated SPHEREx and 7DS data. Four widely used template-fitting approaches and two machine-learning (ML) methods are used to derive photometric redshifts from low-resolution spectrophotometric data. We measured redshifts using mock catalogs based on the GAMA and COSMOS galaxy samples and achieved high precision for bright (13\u2004<\u2004i\u2004<\u200418) galaxies, with σNMAD\u2004\u2272\u20040.005, bias \u22720.005, and a catastrophic failure rate \u22720.005 for all methods employed. We find that the combined SPHEREx + 7DS dataset significantly improves redshift estimation compared to using either the SPHEREx or 7DS datasets alone, highlighting the synergy between the two surveys. Moreover, we compare the redshift estimation performance across magnitude ranges for the different methods and examine the probability distribution functions (PDFs) produced by the template-fitting approaches. As a result, we identify some factors that can affect the redshift measurements, for example, treatments on dust extinction or inclusion of flux uncertainty in the ML model. We also show that the PDFs are relatively well calibrated, although the confidence intervals are generally underestimated, particularly for bright galaxies in the template-fitting methods. This study demonstrates the strong potential of SPHEREx and 7DS to deliver improved redshift measurements from low-resolution spectrophotometric data, underscoring the scientific value of jointly utilizing both datasets.

", "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202556999", "issn": "0004-6361", "publisher": "EDP Sciences", "publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics", "publication_date": "2026-02", "volume": "706", "pages": "A347" }, { "id": "authors:hwc6f-xsd60", "collection": "authors", "collection_id": "hwc6f-xsd60", "cite_using_url": "https://authors.library.caltech.edu/records/hwc6f-xsd60", "type": "article", "title": "Euclid. III. 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E.", "orcid": "0000-0003-1887-1018" }, { "family_name": "Mart\u00edn-Fleitas", "given_name": "J.", "orcid": "0000-0002-8594-569X" }, { "family_name": "Oppizzi", "given_name": "F.", "orcid": "0000-0003-3904-8370" }, { "literal": "Euclid Collaboration" } ], "abstract": "

The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R \u2273 450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950–2020 nm wavelength range. In this reference article, we illuminate the background of NISP’s functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument’s integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated as well as its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and the technical background are included. The NISP’s 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0″.3 pixel−1 deliver a field of view of 0.57 deg2. In photometric mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5 AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100 s in exposure time for point sources and with a S/N of five. For spectroscopy, NISP’s pointsource sensitivity is a signal-to-noise ratio = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2 × 10−16 erg s−1 cm−2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4 Å in 3 × 560 s grism exposures at 1.6 µm (redshifted Hα). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of the pixel-based detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy better than 1.5% and a relative spectrophotometry better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be accurate to 5 Å or better. The NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the near-infrared for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST – and it represents an enormous advance from any existing instrumentation due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid’s six-year survey covering 14 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone in determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its near-infrared data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades.

", "doi": "10.1051/0004-6361/202450786", "issn": "0004-6361", "publisher": "EDP Sciences", "publication": "Astronomy & Astrophysics", "publication_date": "2025-05", "volume": "697", "pages": "A3" } ]